Autonomic/CV Drugs — MCQs

A G1P0 mother gives birth to a male infant at 37 weeks gestation. She received adequate prenatal care and took all her prenatal vitamins. She is otherwise healthy and takes no medications. On the 1 month checkup, examination revealed a machine-like murmur heard at the left sternal border. Which of the following medications would be most appropriate to give the infant to address the murmur?

A 45-year-old man presents to the physician with limb weakness over the last 24 hours. He is an otherwise healthy man with no significant past medical history. On physical examination, his vital signs are stable. On neurological examination, there is decreased strength in the muscles of all 4 extremities, and the deep tendon reflexes are depressed. A detailed laboratory evaluation shows that he has generalized decreased neuronal excitability due to an electrolyte imbalance. Which of the following electrolyte imbalances is most likely to be present in the man?

A 50-year-old man is brought to his neurologist by his wife for bizarre behavior. On several occasions over the last several days, he had started to complain about ‘bunnies, tigers, and emus’ in the living room. The patient has a history of multiple sclerosis and was last seen by his primary neurologist 2 weeks ago for complaints of new left upper extremity weakness. On physical exam, his temperature is 37.0°C (98.6°F), the heart rate is 70/min, the blood pressure is 126/78 mm Hg, the respiratory rate is 16/min, and the oxygen saturation is 98% on room air. The exam is disrupted by the patient’s repeated comments about various animals in the exam room. His neurologic exam is unchanged from his neurologist's last documented exam. The basic metabolic panel is as follows: Na+ 138 mEq/L K+ 3.9 mEq/L Cl- 101 mEq/L HCO3- 24 mEq/L BUN 10 mg/dL Cr 0.6 mg/dL Glucose 356 mg/dL Which of the following is the most likely etiology of this patient's presentation?

A 31-year-old woman is brought to the emergency room after an apparent suicide attempt. She is unable to provide a history, but her husband reports that he found her at home severely confused and agitated. She reportedly mentioned swallowing several of her pills but was unable to provide additional details. Her husband reports that she has a history of Crohn disease, major depressive disorder, social anxiety disorder, and prior heroin and alcohol abuse. She has not taken heroin or alcohol for 5 years and attends Alcoholics Anonymous and Narcotics Anonymous regularly. She takes multiple medications but he is unable to recount which medications she takes and they are not in the electronic medical record. Her temperature is 103.9°F (39.9°C), blood pressure is 160/95 mmHg, pulse is 125/min, and respirations are 28/min. On exam, she appears agitated, diaphoretic, and is responding to internal stimuli. She has clonus in her bilateral feet. Pupils are 3 mm and reactive to light. Patellar and Achilles reflexes are 3+ bilaterally. She is given alprazolam for her agitation but she remains severely agitated and confused. Which of the following medications should be given to this patient?

A 62-year-old man presents to the ED complaining of severe eye pain that started a few hours ago. The patient reports that he fell asleep while watching TV on the couch and woke up with right-sided eye pain and blurry vision. His wife drove him to the emergency room. His wife reports that since they arrived the patient has also been complaining of intense nausea. The patient denies fever, headache, or visual floaters. He has a history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, type II diabetes mellitus, and osteoarthritis. He takes aspirin, lisinopril, metformin, atorvastatin, and over-the-counter ibuprofen. His temperature is 99°F (37.2°C), blood pressure is 135/82 mmHg, and pulse is 78/min. On physical examination, the right eye is firm with an injected conjunctiva and a mildly cloudy cornea. The pupil is dilated at 6 mm and is non-reactive to light. Ocular eye movements are intact. Vision is 20/200 in the right eye and 20/40 in the left eye. The left eye exam is unremarkable. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial treatment?

A 53-year-old man presents to a physician with repeated episodes of joint pain and fever for the last 3 months. The pain is present in the knee joints and small joints of the hands bilaterally. He recorded his temperature at home which never increased above 37.8°C (100.0°F). The medical history is significant for an acute myocardial infarction 1 year ago, with sustained ventricular tachycardia as a complication, for which he has been taking procainamide. The vital signs are as follows: pulse 88/min, blood pressure 134/88 mm Hg, respiratory rate 13/min, and temperature 37.2°C (99.0°F). On physical examination, he has mild joint swelling. A radiologic evaluation of the involved joints does not suggest osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis. Based on the laboratory evaluation, the physician suspects that the joint pain and fever may be due to the use of procainamide. Which of the following serologic finding is most likely to be present in this patient?

A 62-year-old Nigerian woman arrived 2 days ago to the US to visit her adult children from Nigeria. She is now brought to an urgent care center by her daughter for leg pain. Her right leg has been painful for 24 hours and is now causing her to limp. She denies any fevers, chills, or sweats and does not remember injuring her leg. She tells you she takes medications for hypertension and diabetes and occasionally for exertional chest pain. She has not had any recent chest pain. The right leg is swollen and tender. Flexion of the right ankle causes a worsening of the pain. Doppler ultrasonography reveals a large clot in a deep vein. Which of the following is the most appropriate course of action?

A 58-year-old man comes to the physician because of a sore throat and painful lesions in his mouth for the past few days. Six weeks ago, he underwent cardiac catheterization and stent implantation of the left anterior descending artery for treatment of acute myocardial infarction. Pharmacotherapy with aspirin and ticlopidine was started. His temperature is 38.1°C (100.6°F). Oral examination shows several shallow ulcers on the buccal mucosa. Laboratory studies show: Hematocrit 41.5% Leukocyte count 1,050/mm3 Segmented neutrophils 35% Platelet count 175,000/mm3 Which of the following drugs is most likely responsible for this patient's current condition?

A 46-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 6-week history of fatigue and cramping abdominal pain. He works at a gun range. Examination shows pale conjunctivae and gingival hyperpigmentation. There is weakness when extending the left wrist against resistance. Further evaluation of this patient is most likely to show which of the following?

A 30-year-old woman presents to her physician for difficulty breathing. She states that this typically happens to her when she goes outside and improves with rest and staying indoors. Her symptoms are currently worse than usual. The patient has never seen a physician before and has no diagnosed past medical history. Her temperature is 99.5°F (37.5°C), blood pressure is 97/58 mmHg, pulse is 110/min, respirations are 25/min, and oxygen saturation is 88% on room air. Pulmonary function tests demonstrate a decreased inspiratory and expiratory flow rate. Which of the following is the best initial treatment for this patient?