Neonatal infections — MCQs

A 25-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with intermittent uterine contractions. She is 39 weeks pregnant and experienced a deluge of fluid between her legs while she was grocery shopping. She now complains of painful contractions. She is transferred to the labor and delivery floor and a healthy male baby is delivered. He has a ruddy complexion and is crying audibly. Laboratory values demonstrate a hemoglobin of 22 g/dL and electrolytes that are within normal limits. Which of the following is the best description for the cause of this neonate's presentation?

A 28-year-old woman gives birth to a 2.2 kg child while on vacation. The mother's medical records are faxed to the hospital and demonstrate the following on hepatitis panel: hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg) positive, anti-hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HbcAg) positive, hepatitis C RNA is detected, hepatitis C antibody is reactive. Which of the following should be administered to the patient's newborn child?

During the exam of a 2-day-old female neonate you determine that she appears lethargic, cyanotic, and has a coarse tremor of her right arm. The patient's mother explains that she observed what she believed to be seizure-like activity just before you arrived in the room. The mother has a history of type two diabetes mellitus and during childbirth there was a delay in cord clamping. You decide to get electrolytes and a complete blood count to work up this patient. The labs are significant for mild hypoglycemia and a hematocrit of 72%. What is the most effective treatment for this patient's condition?

A 2755-g (6-lb 1-oz) baby boy is delivered at 37 weeks' gestation to a 29-year-old woman who is gravida 3, para 3. His mother received no prenatal care during her pregnancy. 12 hours after birth, he is evaluated for jaundice and lethargy. Laboratory studies show a hemoglobin concentration of 9.6 g/dL and a serum total bilirubin concentration of 10 mg/dL. The results of a direct Coombs test are positive. Further evaluation is most likely to show which of the following?

A 37-year-old G1P1 woman gives birth to a male infant at 36 weeks gestation. The patient had an uncomplicated Caesarean delivery and gave birth to a 6-pound infant. The patient has a past medical history of cocaine and heroine use but states she quit 8 years ago. She also suffers from obesity and type II diabetes mellitus. Her blood sugar is well-controlled with diet and exercise alone during the pregnancy. Her temperature is 98.4°F (36.9°C), blood pressure is 167/102 mmHg, pulse is 90/min, respirations are 13/min, and oxygen saturation is 98% on room air. Laboratory values for her infant are ordered as seen below. Hemoglobin: 22 g/dL Hematocrit: 66% Leukocyte count: 6,500/mm^3 with normal differential Platelet count: 197,000/mm^3 Which of the following is the most likely cause of this infant's laboratory abnormalities?

A 2-day-old male newborn born at 39 weeks' gestation is brought to the physician because of yellowing of his skin. His mother received no prenatal care and the delivery was uncomplicated. She has no history of serious medical illness and has one other son who is healthy. Physical examination shows jaundice, hepatomegaly, and decreased muscle tone. Laboratory studies show: Hemoglobin 9.4 g/dL Maternal blood type O Patient blood type O Serum Bilirubin Total 16.3 mg/dL Direct 0.4 mg/dL Which of the following is the most likely underlying cause of this patient's condition?

A 4430-g (9-lb 10-oz) male newborn is delivered at term to a 27-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 1. The second stage of labor was prolonged and required vacuum-assisted vaginal delivery. Apgar scores are 9 and 10 at 1 and 5 minutes, respectively. Examination of the neonate 2 hours later shows a soft, nonpulsatile swelling over the left parietal bone that does not cross suture lines. Vital signs are within normal limits. The pupils are equal and reactive to light. The lungs are clear to auscultation. Heart sounds are normal. The spine is normal. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A 1-day-old infant is evaluated because the mother noticed "blood" in the diaper of her child. She has brought the diaper with her which shows a small reddish marking. The pregnancy was without complications, as was the delivery. The patient presents with no abnormal findings on physical examination. The laboratory analysis shows uric acid levels in the blood to be 5 mg/dL. Which of the following should be the next step in management?

A 2300-g (5-lb 1-oz) male newborn is delivered to a 29-year-old primigravid woman. The mother has HIV and received triple antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy. Her HIV viral load was 678 copies/mL 1 week prior to delivery. Labor was uncomplicated. Apgar scores are 7 and 8 at 1 and 5 minutes respectively. Physical examination of the newborn shows no abnormalities. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management of this infant?

A 40-day-old child presents to a physician for the first time for a well-child visit. The mother is a 22-year-old college student who opted for a home birth. Upon examination, the child weighs 4.0 kg (8.8 lbs) and has intact reflexes. The umbilical cord is still attached and looks erythematous and indurated. A complete blood cell count reveals leukocytosis. Immunoglobulin levels are normal. A flow cytometry analysis is performed. Which of the following markers will most likely be deficient in this child?