Neonatal infections — MCQs

A worried mother brings her 12-day-old son to the emergency room concerned that his body is turning "yellow". The patient was born at 39 weeks via spontaneous vaginal delivery without complications. The mother received adequate prenatal care and has been breastfeeding her son. The patient has had adequate urine and stool output. Physical exam demonstrates a comfortable, well nourished neonate with a jaundiced face and chest. The patient's indirect bilirubin was 4 mg/dL at 48 hours of life. Today, indirect bilirubin is 10 mg/dL, and total bilirubin is 11 mg/dL. All other laboratory values are within normal limits. What is the next best treatment in this scenario?

A new mother brings in her 2-week-old son because of a painful itchy rash on his trunk. Vital signs are within normal limits. A basic chemistry panel reveal sodium 135 mmol/L, potassium 4.1 mmol/L, chloride 107 mmol/L, carbon dioxide 22, blood urea nitrogen 30 mg/dL, creatinine 1.1 mg/dL, and glucose 108 mg/dL. On physical examination of the newborn, there are confluent erythematous patches with tiny vesicles and scaling. His mother notes that she has been bathing the patient twice a day. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Four days after delivery, a 1400-g (3-lb 1-oz) newborn has a tonic seizure that lasts for 30 seconds. Over the past 24 hours, he has become increasingly lethargic. He was born at 31 weeks' gestation. Antenatal period was complicated by chorioamnionitis. Apgar scores were 4 and 5 at 1 and 5 minutes, respectively. He appears ill. His pulse is 130/min, respirations are 53/min and irregular, and blood pressure is 67/35 mm Hg. Examination shows a bulging anterior fontanelle. The pupils are equal and react sluggishly to light. Examination shows slow, conjugate back and forth movements of the eyes. Muscle tone is decreased in all extremities. The lungs are clear to auscultation. Which of the following is the most likely underlying cause?

Two days after delivery, a 4300-g (9-lb 8-oz) newborn has difficulty feeding and has become increasingly lethargic. His cry has become weak. He was born at term. His mother has a history of intravenous drug use. His temperature is 36.4°C (96.5°F), pulse is 170/min, respirations are 62/min, and blood pressure is 70/48 mm Hg. Examination shows midfacial hypoplasia, diaphoresis, and tremor of the lower extremities. Macroglossia is present. There are folds in the posterior auricular cartilage. The left lower extremity is larger than the right lower extremity. Abdominal examination shows an umbilical hernia. The liver is palpated 4 cm below the right costal margin. Neurological examination shows decreased tone in all extremities. Which of the following is the most appropriate intervention?

A newborn male is evaluated one minute after birth. He was born at 38 weeks gestation to a 28-year-old gravida 3 via vaginal delivery. The patient’s mother received sporadic prenatal care, and the pregnancy was complicated by gestational diabetes. The amniotic fluid was clear. The patient’s pulse is 70/min, and his breathing is irregular with a slow, weak cry. He whimpers in response to a soft pinch on the thigh, and he has moderate muscle tone with some flexion of his extremities. His body is pink and his extremities are blue. The patient is dried with a warm towel and then placed on his back on a flat warmer bed. His mouth and nose are suctioned with a bulb syringe. Which of the following is the best next step in management?

A 27-year-old woman gives birth to a boy at 36 weeks gestational age. The infant weighs 4022 grams at birth, is noted to have a malformed sacrum, and appears to be in respiratory distress. Apgar scores are 5 and 7 at 1 minute and 5 minutes respectively. Hours after birth, the infant is found to be irritable, bradycardic, cyanotic, and hypotonic, and the infant's serum is sent to the laboratory for evaluation. Which of the following abnormalities would you expect to observe in this infant?

A 2-week-old boy is brought to the emergency department after he was found to have blood in his stool. The mother says the baby was born by home birth at 38 weeks without complications. The mother denies fever, vomiting, or rash but says the baby has been fussier recently. The mother denies a family history of any similar problems. On exam, the patient is well-developed and meets all developmental markers. His heart rate is tachycardic but with regular rhythms. There is oozing blood from the umbilical site which has not fully healed. A guaiac stool test is positive. What is the underlying cause of this presentation?

A 1-week-old infant who was born at home is rushed to the emergency room by his parents. His parents are recent immigrants who do not speak English. Through a translator, the child's parents say that during play with the infant, the infant's body became rigid and his mouth 'locked up'. The child likely suffered from a(n):

A first time mother of a healthy, full term, newborn girl is anxious about sudden infant death syndrome. Which of the following pieces of advice can reduce the risk of SIDS?

A 3-week-old newborn male is brought to the physician because of increasing yellowing of his eyes and skin for 2 weeks. The mother has noticed that his stools have been paler than usual for the past week. He is exclusively formula fed, and feeds every 4 hours with a strong sucking reflex. The patient was delivered vaginally at 39 weeks' gestation to a healthy woman without any complications. Vital signs are within normal limits. He is at the 50th percentile for length and at the 65th percentile for weight. Examination shows scleral icterus and jaundice. Abdominal examination reveals a palpable liver 2 cm below the right costal margin without splenomegaly. Serum studies show: Bilirubin Total 17 mg/dL Direct 13.3 mg/dL Alkaline phosphatase 1700 U/L AST 53 U/L ALT 45 U/L γ-Glutamyl transferase 174 U/L Blood group B positive This patient is at increased risk of developing which of the following?