Systemic Pathology — MCQs

A 46-year-old Caucasian female presents with cold intolerance, weight gain, and constipation. She has also noticed that her nails have become thinner recently but denies any fever or neck pain. Which of the following is NOT an expected histological finding in the thyroid?

A 51-year-old man presents to the clinic with a history of hematuria and hemoptysis following pneumonia several weeks ago. He works as a hotel bellhop. His medical history is significant for gout, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus type II, and mild intellectual disability. He currently smokes 2 packs of cigarettes per day and denies any alcohol use or any illicit drug use. His vital signs include: temperature 36.7°C (98.0°F), blood pressure 126/74 mm Hg, heart rate 87/min, and respiratory rate 23/min. Physical examination shows minimal bibasilar rales, but otherwise clear lungs on auscultation, grade 2/6 holosystolic murmur, and benign abdominal findings. Pulmonary function tests demonstrate a restrictive pattern and a current chest radiograph shows bibasilar alveolar infiltrates. Clinical pathology analysis reveals antiglomerular basement membrane antibody, and his renal biopsy shows a linear immunofluorescence pattern. Of the following options, which type of hypersensitivity reaction underlies this patient’s diagnosis?

A 6-year-old boy presents to his pediatrician accompanied by his mother for evaluation of a rash. The rash appeared a little over a week ago, and since that time the boy has felt tired. He is less interested in playing outside, preferring to remain indoors because his knees and stomach hurt. His past medical history is significant for an upper respiratory infection that resolved uneventfully without treatment 2 weeks ago. Temperature is 99.5°F (37.5°C), blood pressure is 115/70 mmHg, pulse is 90/min, and respirations are 18/min. Physical exam shows scattered maroon macules and papules on the lower extremities. The abdomen is diffusely tender to palpation. There is no cervical lymphadenopathy or conjunctival injection. Which of the following will most likely be found in this patient?

You are seeing an otherwise healthy 66-year-old male in clinic who is complaining of localized back pain and a new rash. On physical exam, his vital signs are within normal limits. You note a vesicular rash restricted to the upper left side of his back. In order to confirm your suspected diagnosis, you perform a diagnostic test. What would you expect to find on the diagnostic test that was performed?

A 36-year-old woman presents to the outpatient department with a recent onset of generalized weakness and weight gain. On physical examination, there is diffuse nontender enlargement of the thyroid gland. Fine-needle aspiration and cytology show lymphocytic infiltration with germinal centers and epithelial Hürthle cells. Which of the following autoantibodies is most likely to be found in this patient?

A 45-year-old man presents to the office with complaints of facial puffiness and mild swelling in his lower back. He denies chest pain, blood in the urine, or fever. He was recently diagnosed with colon cancer. The vital signs include a blood pressure of 122/78 mm Hg, a pulse of 76/min, a temperature of 36.9°C (98.4°F), and a respiratory rate of 10/min. On physical examination, there is mild facial puffiness that is pitting in nature and presacral edema. His other systemic findings are within normal limits. Urinalysis shows: pH 6.2 Color light yellow RBC none WBC 3–4/HPF Protein 4+ Cast oval fat bodies Glucose absent Crystal none Ketone absent Nitrite absent 24 hours urine protein excretion 4.8 g A renal biopsy is ordered and diffuse capillary and basement membrane thickening is noted. Which of the following findings is expected to be present if an electron microscopy of the biopsy sample is performed?

A 29-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of progressively worsening fatigue and shortness of breath for the past 2 weeks. His only medication is insulin. Examination shows elevated jugular venous distention and coarse crackles in both lungs. Despite appropriate life-saving measures, he dies. Gross examination of the heart at autopsy shows concentrically thickened myocardium and microscopic examination shows large cardiomyocytes with intracellular iron granules. Examination of the spinal cord shows atrophy of the lateral corticospinal tracts, spinocerebellar tracts, and dorsal columns. Which of the following is the most likely underlying cause of this patient's condition?

A 45-year-old man is brought to the hospital by his daughter with complaints of wide-based gait. His daughter reveals that he was sitting silently in the examination chair with a blank face. In addition, he was frequently talking to the empty chairs and told that his friends are sitting there. He has been forgetting many small things recently. On physical examination, fine movements are seen at resting condition that disappears when he is asked to drink water. A stepwise slowness in movement is also seen in his upper limb. Which of the following is most likely to be observed in the histological specimen of this patient?

A 65-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 6-month history of progressive fatigue and abdominal pain. Physical examination shows pale mucous membranes and splenomegaly. Hemoglobin concentration is 9.1 g/dL and leukocyte count is 3,400/mm3. Peripheral blood smear shows nucleated red blood cells and teardrop poikilocytosis. A Janus kinase 2 gene mutation is present. Which of the following is the most likely underlying mechanism of this patient's condition?

A 12-year-old boy presents to the emergency department with a recent history of easy bleeding. He experienced multiple episodes of epistaxis and bleeding gums over the past two days. He also had flu-like symptoms a week ago which resolved over the past few days. His past medical history is notable for well-controlled asthma. His temperature is 98.9°F (37°C). Physical examination is notable for a petechial rash. No splenomegaly is noted. A coagulation panel reveals an elevation in bleeding time with normal PT and PTT. The blood component that is most likely deficient in this patient contains granules of which of the following?