Systemic Pathology — MCQs

A 67-year-old man comes to the emergency department for evaluation of progressively worsening edema and decreased urine output over the past few days. He has a history of chronic sinus infections and was hospitalized last year for a suspected pneumonia with hemoptysis. Physical exam shows bilateral pitting edema of the lower extremities. Serum studies show a creatinine of 3.4 mg/dL and blood urea nitrogen of 35 mg/dL. Urine dipstick shows 3+ blood. A kidney biopsy is performed and light microscopy shows crescent-shaped glomeruli. Immunofluorescent microscopy of the tissue sample is most likely to show which of the following findings?

A 9-year-old boy is brought to the physician by his parents because of right-sided shoulder pain for 1 day. He has not had chills or sweating. Over the past year, he was treated twice in the emergency department for painful swelling of his hands and feet. He emigrated with his family from Kenya 2 years ago. His temperature is 37.4°C (99.3°F), pulse is 96/min, and blood pressure is 123/82 mm Hg. Physical examination shows no tenderness, erythema, or joint swelling of the shoulder. Laboratory studies show: Hemoglobin 7 g/dL Mean corpuscular volume 88 μm Reticulocyte count 9% Leukocyte count 12,000/mm3 A peripheral blood smear is most likely to show which of the following abnormalities?

An 8-year-old boy presents to the emergency department with puffy eyes. The patient’s parents noticed that his eyes were very puffy this morning thus prompting his presentation. They state their son has always been very healthy and other than a rash acquired from wrestling treated with a topical antibiotic has been very healthy. His temperature is 98.3°F (36.8°C), blood pressure is 125/85 mmHg, pulse is 89/min, respirations are 18/min, and oxygen saturation is 99% on room air. Physical exam is notable for periorbital edema but is otherwise unremarkable. Urinalysis is notable for red blood cells and an amber urine sample. Which of the following is the most likely etiology of this patient’s symptoms?

An 11-year-old African American boy is brought to your office by his parents with a 1-day history of severe left hip pain. It is too painful for him to walk without support. He took ibuprofen, which brought no relief. He has had no chills or sweats. Similar painful episodes in the past required multiple hospitalizations. He returned from a trip to Kenya with his family 2 months ago. His vaccinations are up-to-date. His temperature is 38°C (100.4° F), pulse is 100/min, blood pressure is 120/80 mm Hg. Physical examination shows pale conjunctivae. The abdomen is soft with no organomegaly. Passive movement of the hip causes severe pain. There is tenderness on palpation, but no swelling, warmth, or erythema of the hip. His laboratory studies show a hematocrit of 25% and leukocyte count of 14 000/mm3. A peripheral blood smear would most likely show which of the following?

An 18-month-old boy is presented to the emergency department by his parents due to swelling in his right knee after playing in the park. His parents say there was no obvious injury. After questioning, the mother says that an uncle of hers had similar problems. The vital signs include heart rate 146/min, respiratory rate 26/min, temperature 37.1°C (98.8°F) and blood pressure 90/52 mm Hg. On physical examination, the swelling of the right knee is evident. The rest of the physical findings are unremarkable. The ultrasound is compatible with the hemarthrosis of the right knee. The complete blood count (CBC) results are as follows: Hemoglobin 12.2 g/dL Hematocrit 36% Leukocyte count 7,300/mm3 Neutrophils 45% Bands 3% Eosinophils 1% Basophils 0% Lymphocytes 44% Monocytes 2% Platelet count 200,000/mm³ The coagulation test results are as follows: Partial thromboplastin time (activated) 52.0 s Prothrombin time 14.0 s Reticulocyte count 1.2% Thrombin time < 2 seconds deviation from control What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 52-year-old man comes to the physician because of malaise and dark urine for the past 5 days. He has also had recurrent episodes of sinus congestion, productive cough, and fever for 3 months. Additionally, he has noticed a rash on his arms and feet. He has seasonal allergic conjunctivitis treated with ketotifen eye drops. Vital signs are within normal limits. Examination shows several erythematous and necrotic papules on his arms and feet. He has inflamed nasopharyngeal mucosa and a perforated nasal septum. The nasal bridge is collapsed. Laboratory studies show: Hemoglobin 11.3 g/dL Leukocyte count 12000/mm3 Platelet count 270,000/mm3 ESR 55 mm/hr Serum Urea nitrogen 28 mg/dL Creatinine 2.9 mg/dL Anti-DNA antibodies negative Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies positive Urine Protein 2+ Glucose negative RBC 35–37/hpf RBC casts numerous Which of the following biopsy findings is most likely to be observed in this patient?

An 8-year-old boy is brought to the pediatric emergency department by his parents with a complaint of abdominal pain and diarrhea for the past week. He states that for the past two days, he has noticed blood in his stool. His parents note that they attended a neighbor’s barbecue last weekend, but otherwise have not eaten any new foods or changed their usual diet. The patient is admitted to the hospital unit for further work-up. The provider team finds that the patient’s blood is positive for Shiga-like toxin and notes the following lab values: creatinine of 4.2 mg/dL, platelet count of 50,000/mm^3, and hemoglobin of 6.0 g/dL. Which of the following additional lab findings would be consistent with the diagnosis?

A 34-year-old man comes to the physician for evaluation of a rash on the elbows for several months. A biopsy of the affected area shows a thinned stratum granulosum as well as retained nuclei and spongiotic clusters of neutrophils in the stratum corneum. This patient's skin findings are most likely associated with which of the following conditions?

A 55-year-old male presents to his primary care physician with right upper quadrant pain that has progressed over the last three months with unexplained weakness and joint pains that have been "out of the ordinary" over the last year. On history, you note the patient lives a sedentary lifestyle, rarely leaves the house, has controlled diabetes diagnosed 15 years ago, and has documented cardiomyopathy. On physical exam the man appears non-toxic, sclera are icteric, cornea appear normal, generalized pain is elicited on palpation of the right upper quadrant, and skin appears quite bronzed on his extremities. What is this patient most at risk for ten to fifteen years later due to his underlying condition?

A 47-year-old woman comes to the physician for a 2-month history of fatigue, intermittent left-sided flank pain, and diffuse extremity pain. She was treated for a prolactinoma 5 years ago and has had recurrent antral and duodenal peptic ulcers despite medical therapy. Her only medication is omeprazole. Physical examination shows a moderately distended abdomen that is diffusely tender to palpation. There is mild left-sided costovertebral angle tenderness. Serum studies show a calcium of 12 mg/dL, phosphorus of 2 mg/dL, and parathyroid hormone level of 826 pg/mL. An ultrasound of the abdomen shows multiple kidney stones in the left ureteropelvic junction. This patient is most likely to have which of the following protein abnormalities?