Systemic Pathology — MCQs

A 6-month-old male presents to the emergency department with his parents after his three-year-old brother hit him on the arm with a toy truck. His parents are concerned that the minor trauma caused an unusual amount of bruising. The patient has otherwise been developing well and meeting all his milestones. His parents report that he sleeps throughout the night and has just started to experiment with solid food. The patient’s older brother is in good health, but the patient’s mother reports that some members of her family have an unknown blood disorder. On physical exam, the patient is agitated and difficult to soothe. He has 2-3 inches of ecchymoses and swelling on the lateral aspect of the left forearm. The patient has a neurological exam within normal limits and pale skin with blue irises. An ophthalmologic evaluation is deferred. Which of the following is the best initial step?

A 69-year-old white man comes to the physician because of a 15-day history of fatigue and lower leg swelling. Over the past 8 months, he has had a 3.8-kg (8.3-lb) weight loss. He has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for 48 years. Vital signs are within normal limits. He appears thin. Examination shows 2+ pretibial edema bilaterally. An x-ray of the chest shows a right upper lobe density. Laboratory studies show: Hemoglobin 11.3 g/dL Leukocyte count 8600/mm3 Platelet count 140,000/mm3 Serum Urea nitrogen 25 mg/dL Glucose 79 mg/dL Creatinine 1.7 mg/dL Albumin 1.6 mg/dL Total cholesterol 479 mg/dL Urine Blood negative Glucose negative Protein 4+ WBC 0–1/hpf Fatty casts numerous Light microscopic examination of a kidney biopsy reveals thickening of glomerular capillary loops and the basal membrane. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A 6-year-old boy presents to your office with hematuria. Two weeks ago the patient had symptoms of a sore throat and fever. Although physical exam is unremarkable, laboratory results show a decreased serum C3 level and an elevated anti-DNAse B titer. Which of the following would you most expect to see on renal biopsy?

A 50-year-old man presents to a clinic with oliguria. Four weeks ago, he had a kidney transplant. Postoperative follow-up was normal. He is currently on cyclosporine and admits that sometimes he forgets to take his medication. On physical examination, the vital signs include: temperature 37.1°C (98.8°F), blood pressure 165/110 mm Hg, heart rate 80/min, and respiratory rate 16/min. There is mild tenderness on renal palpation. His serum creatinine level is 4 mg/dL, well above his baseline level after the transplant. Which of the following best describes the histological finding if a biopsy is taken from the transplanted kidney?

A 22-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician complaining of a red, itchy rash on her elbows and shoulders for 2 months. She has no history of medical problems, and review of systems is positive only for occasional loose stools. She is appropriately prescribed dapsone, which relieves the rash within hours. What is the diagnosis?

A 10-year-old male presents with his mother with multiple complaints. A few weeks ago, he had a sore throat for several days that improved without specific therapy. Additionally, over the past several days he has experienced pain in his ankles and wrists and, more recently, his left knee. His mother also noted several bumps on both of his elbows, and he has also had some pain in his center of his chest. He thinks the pain is better when he leans forward. On physical examination, he is noted to be mildly febrile, and a pericardial friction rub is auscultated. Which of the following histopathologic findings is most likely associated with this patient's condition?

A 6-year-old child presents for evaluation of a medical condition associated with recurrent infections. After reviewing all of the medical history, gene therapy is offered to treat a deficiency in adenosine deaminase (ADA). ADA deficiency is the most common autosomal recessive mutation in which of the following diseases?

A 49-year-old woman with a history of intravenous drug use comes to the physician because of a 6-month history of fatigue, joint pain, and episodic, painful discoloration in her fingers when exposed to cold weather. She takes no medications. She has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for the past 22 years. She appears tired. Physical examination shows palpable, nonblanching purpura over the hands and feet. Neurological examination shows weakness and decreased sensation in all extremities. Serum studies show: Alanine aminotransferase 78 U/L Aspartate aminotransferase 90 U/L Urea nitrogen 18 mg/dL Creatinine 1.5 mg/dL Which of the following processes is the most likely explanation for this patient's current condition?

A 52-year-old woman presents with erosions in her mouth that are persistent and painful. She says that symptoms appeared gradually 1 week ago and have progressively worsened. She also notes that, several days ago, flaccid blisters appeared on her skin, which almost immediately transformed to erosions as well. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A 24-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of progressive shortness of breath and intermittent cough with blood-tinged sputum for the past 10 days. During this time, he had three episodes of blood in his urine. Six years ago, he was diagnosed with latent tuberculosis after a positive routine tuberculin skin test, and he was treated accordingly. His maternal aunt has systemic lupus erythematosus. The patient does not take any medications. His temperature is 37°C (98.6°F), pulse is 92/min, respirations are 28/min, and blood pressure is 152/90 mm Hg. Diffuse crackles are heard at both lung bases. Laboratory studies show: Serum Urea nitrogen 32 mg/dL Creatinine 3.5 mg/dL Urine Protein 2+ Blood 3+ RBC casts numerous WBC casts negative A chest x-ray shows patchy, pulmonary infiltrates bilaterally. A renal biopsy in this patient shows linear deposits of IgG along the glomerular basement membrane. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?