Prenatal Care — MCQs

A 20-year-old woman presents with nausea, fatigue, and breast tenderness. She is sexually active with two partners and occasionally uses condoms during intercourse. A β-hCG urinary test is positive. A transvaginal ultrasound reveals an 8-week fetus in the uterine cavity. The patient is distressed by this news and requests an immediate abortion. Which of the following is the most appropriate step in management?

A 27-year-old G3P2002 presents to the clinic for follow up after her initial prenatal visit. Her last period was 8 weeks ago. Her medical history is notable for obesity, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and eczema. Her current two children are healthy. Her current pregnancy is with a new partner after she separated from her previous partner. Her vaccinations are up to date since the delivery of her second child. Her temperature is 98°F (37°C), blood pressure is 110/60 mmHg, pulse is 85/min, and respirations are 18/min. Her physical exam is unremarkable. Laboratory results are shown below: Hemoglobin: 14 g/dL Hematocrit: 41% Leukocyte count: 9,000/mm^3 with normal differential Platelet count: 210,000/mm^3 Blood type: O Rh status: Negative Urine: Epithelial cells: Rare Glucose: Positive WBC: 5/hpf Bacterial: None Rapid plasma reagin: Negative Rubella titer: > 1:8 HIV-1/HIV-2 antibody screen: Negative Gonorrhea and Chlamydia NAAT: negative Pap smear: High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HGSIL) What is the best next step in management?

A 25-year-old female comes to her obstetrician’s office for a prenatal visit. She has a transvaginal ultrasound that correlates with her last menstrual period and dates her pregnancy at 4 weeks. She has no complaints except some nausea during the morning that is improving. She comments that she has had some strange food cravings, but has no issues with eating a balanced diet. Her BMI is 23 kg/m^2 and she has gained 1 pound since the start of her pregnancy. She is curious about her pregnancy and asks the physician what her child is now able to do. Which of the following developments is expected of the fetus during this embryological phase?

A 25-year-old G1P0000 presents to her obstetrician’s office for her first prenatal visit. She had a positive pregnancy test 6 weeks ago, and her last period was about two months ago, though at baseline her periods are irregular. Aside from some slight nausea in the mornings, she feels well. Which of the following measurements would provide the most accurate dating of this patient’s pregnancy?

A 21-year-old gravida 1, para 0 woman presents to the family medicine clinic for her first prenatal appointment. She states that she has been taking folic acid supplements daily as directed by her mother. She smokes a few cigarettes a day and has done so for the last 5 years. Pediatric records indicate the patient is measles, mumps, and rubella non-immune. Her heart rate is 78/min, respiratory rate is 14/min, temperature is 36.5°C (97.7°F), and blood pressure is 112/70 mm Hg. Her calculated BMI is approximately 26 kg/m2. Her heart is without murmurs and lung sounds are clear bilaterally. Standard prenatal testing is ordered. Which of the following is the next best step for this patient’s prenatal care?

A 23-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician for a wellness checkup. She has been treated for gonorrhea and chlamydia 3 times in the past 6 months but is otherwise healthy. She smokes cigarettes, drinks alcohol regularly, and wears a helmet while riding her bicycle. The patient is generally healthy and has no acute complaints. Her vitals and physical exam are unremarkable. She is requesting advice regarding contraception. The patient is currently taking oral contraceptive pills. Which of the following would be the most appropriate recommendation for this patient?

A 23-year-old woman, gravida 1 para 0, at 16 weeks’ gestation presents to the physician because of swelling of her right breast for 1 month. She has no personal or family history of any serious illnesses. She has taken contraceptive pills over the past few years. Vital signs are within normal limits. Physical examination shows asymmetric breasts with the right breast being enlarged. The palpation of the breast shows a 4 x 5 cm (1.5 x 1.9 in) mass under the skin in the upper outer quadrant. It is nontender and mobile with a rubbery consistency and regular borders. A breast ultrasound shows a round and solid homogeneous mass with well-defined borders and low echogenicity, measuring 5 cm (1.9 in) in diameter. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A 19-year-old woman comes to the physician because of recent weight gain. She started a combined oral contraceptive for dysmenorrhea and acne six months ago. She has been taking the medication consistently and experiences withdrawal bleeding on the 4th week of each pill pack. Her acne and dysmenorrhea have improved significantly. The patient increased her daily exercise regimen to 60 minutes of running and weight training three months ago. She started college six months ago. She has not had any changes in her sleep or energy levels. Her height is 162 cm and she weighs 62 kg; six months ago she weighed 55 kg. Examination shows clear skin and no other abnormalities. A urine pregnancy test is negative. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?

A 29-year-old G1P0 presents to her obstetrician for her first prenatal care visit at 12 weeks gestation by last menstrual period. She states that her breasts are very tender and swollen, and her exercise endurance has declined. She otherwise feels well. She is concerned about preterm birth, as she heard that certain cervical procedures increase the risk. The patient has a gynecologic history of loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) for cervical dysplasia several years ago and has had negative Pap smears since then. She also has mild intermittent asthma that is well controlled with occasional use of her albuterol inhaler. At this visit, this patient’s temperature is 98.6°F (37.0°C), pulse is 69/min, blood pressure is 119/61 mmHg, and respirations are 13/min. Cardiopulmonary exam is unremarkable, and the uterine fundus is just palpable at the pelvic brim. Pelvic exam reveals normal female external genitalia, a closed and slightly soft cervix, a 12-week-size uterus, and no adnexal masses. Which of the following is the best method for evaluating for possible cervical incompetence in this patient?

A 25-year-old G2P1 woman at 12 weeks gestational age presents to the office to discuss the results of her routine prenatal screening labs, which were ordered during her 1st prenatal visit. She reports taking a daily prenatal vitamin but no other medications. She complains of mild fatigue and appears pale on exam. Her complete blood count (CBC) shows the following: Hemoglobin (Hb) 9.5 g/dL Hematocrit 29% Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) 75 µm3 Which of the following are the most likely hematologic states of the patient and her fetus?