Prenatal Care — MCQs

A 31-year-old female presents to her primary care physician with mild anxiety and complaints of mood swings lasting several months. The patient reports that the mood swings affect her work and personal relationships. In addition, she complains of increased irritability, breast tenderness, bloating, fatigue, binge-eating, and difficulty concentrating for 10 days prior to her menstrual period. The patient's symptoms increase in severity with the approach of menses but resolve rapidly on the first day of menses. She states that she is very sensitive to criticism of her work by others. She also snaps at her children and her husband. She has tried yoga to unwind, but with limited improvement. She is concerned that her behavior is affecting her marriage. The patient has no past medical history, and has regular periods every 24 days. She has had two normal vaginal deliveries. She uses condoms for contraception. Her mother has major depressive disorder. The physical exam is unremarkable. What is the most appropriate next step in the treatment of this patient?

A 23-year-old G1P0 female presents to her OB/GYN for her routine 36-week visit. Her current complaints include increased fatigue at the end of the day, and edema in her ankles. The patient’s physical examination is unremarkable except for inguinal adenopathy. Upon pelvic examination for cervical changes, the OB/GYN notices a vaginal chancre. The patient states that it is not painful when touched. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A 27-year-old primigravid woman at 32 weeks' gestation comes to the physician for a prenatal visit. She has had swollen legs, mild shortness of breath, and generalized fatigue for the past 2 weeks. Medications include iron supplements and a multivitamin. Her temperature is 37.2°C (99°F), pulse is 93/min, respirations are 20/min, and blood pressure is 108/60 mm Hg. There is 2+ pitting edema of the lower extremities, but no erythema or tenderness. The lungs are clear to auscultation. Cardiac examination shows an S3 gallop. Pelvic examination shows a uterus consistent in size with a 32-week gestation. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management for this patient's symptoms?

A 20-year-old primigravid woman comes to the physician in October for her first prenatal visit. She has delayed the visit because she wanted a “natural birth” but was recently convinced to get a checkup after feeling more tired than usual. She feels well. Menarche was at the age of 12 years and menses used to occur at regular 28-day intervals and last 3–7 days. The patient emigrated from Mexico 2 years ago. Her immunization records are unavailable. Pelvic examination shows a uterus consistent in size with a 28-week gestation. Laboratory studies show: Hemoglobin 12.4 g/dL Leukocyte count 8,000/mm3 Blood group B negative Serum Glucose 88 mg/dL Creatinine 1.1 mg/dL TSH 3.8 μU/mL Rapid plasma reagin negative HIV antibody negative Hepatitis B surface antigen negative Urinalysis shows no abnormalities. Urine culture is negative. Chlamydia and gonorrhea testing are negative. A Pap smear is normal. Administration of which of the following vaccines is most appropriate at this time?

A 29-year-old man presents to an STD clinic complaining of a painful lesion at the end of his penis. The patient says it started as a tiny red bump and grew over several days. He has no history of a serious illness and takes no medications. He has had several sexual partners in the past few months. At the clinic, his temperature is 38.2℃ (100.8℉), the blood pressure is 115/70 mm Hg, the pulse is 84/min, and the respirations are 14/min. Examination of the inguinal area shows enlarged and tender lymph nodes, some of which are fluctuant. There is an ulcerated and weeping sore with an erythematous base and ragged edges on the end of his penis. The remainder of the physical examination shows no abnormalities. The result of the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) is negative. Which of the following diagnoses best explains these findings?

A 34-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 0, at 28 weeks' gestation comes to the physician for a prenatal visit. She has not had regular prenatal care. Her most recent ultrasound at 20 weeks of gestation confirmed accurate fetal dates and appropriate fetal development. She takes levothyroxine for hypothyroidism. She used to work as a nurse before she emigrated from Brazil 13 years ago. She lost her immunization records during the move and cannot recall all of her vaccinations. She appears well. Vital signs are within normal limits. Physical examination shows a fundal height of 26 cm and no abnormalities. An ELISA test for HIV is negative. Serology testing shows hepatitis B surface antibody positive, hepatitis B core antibody and surface antigen negative, and hepatitis A antibody negative. Hepatitis C antibody is positive with detectable RNA. Given her incomplete vaccination history and current serologic results, which of the following vaccinations is most appropriate to recommend at this time?

An 18-year-old woman presents to the medical clinic 4 days after her boyfriend's condom broke during sexual intercourse. The patient states "I do not wish to get pregnant at this point in my life." She has no other medical conditions and takes no prescription medications. Her family history is negative. She is a social drinker, drinking approximately 3–4 days every month. She is currently in a monogamous relationship with her boyfriend and she believes her boyfriend is monogamous as well. The heart rate is 104/min, and the blood pressure is 124/80 mm Hg. On physical examination, she appears tired and nervous. Heart auscultation reveals no murmur, and the lungs are clear to auscultation bilaterally. Her ovaries and uterus are palpable. Speculum exam shows no signs of trauma and a closed cervical os. Based on her history and physical examination, which of the following management strategies would you recommend?

A 29-year-old G1P0 woman at 24 weeks gestation presents to her physician with complaints of burning with urination, and she reports that she has been urinating much more frequently than usual over the past several days. She otherwise is doing well and has experienced no complications with her pregnancy or vaginal discharge. Her temperature is 97.5°F (36.4°C), blood pressure is 112/82 mmHg, pulse is 89/min, respirations are 19/min, and oxygen saturation is 98% on room air. Examination is significant for suprapubic discomfort upon palpation and a gravid uterus. There is no costovertebral angle tenderness. Urinalysis shows increased leukocyte esterase, elevated nitrites, 55 leukocytes/hpf, and bacteria. The physician prescribes a 7-day course of nitrofurantoin. Which of the following is the next best step in management?

A 23-year-old woman presents with a 4-week menstrual delay. She also complains of irritability, increased somnolence, and occasional nausea. She had her first menarche at the age of 13, and her menstrual cycle became regular at the age of 15. She has been sexually active since the age of 20 but has had the same sexual partner since then. They stopped using birth control protection approximately 6 months ago. She does not smoke and consumes alcohol occasionally. Her blood pressure is 120/80 mm Hg, heart rate is 71/min, respiratory rate is 14/min, and temperature is 36.6℃ (98.2℉). Physical examination is significant only for slight breast engorgement and nipple pigmentation. Gynecologic examination reveals cervical softening and cyanosis. Which of the following drugs would be recommended for this patient?

A 28-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 1, at 24 weeks gestation comes to the physician for a prenatal visit. She reports dull aching pain and paresthesia over her left hand during the last few weeks. The pain radiates to her shoulder and is worse at night. Her hand feels numb upon waking up in the morning. She has a sister who has multiple sclerosis. Her current medications include iron supplements and a multivitamin. Vital signs are within normal limits. When the wrist is passively held in full flexion, aggravation of paresthesia is perceived immediately. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for this patient's symptoms?