Labor Complications — MCQs

A 52-year-old woman presents with involuntary passage of urine and occasional watery vaginal discharge. She associates the onset of these symptoms with her discharge from the hospital for an abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for endometrial carcinoma and a left ovary cyst 2 months ago. The incontinence occurs during both day and night and is not related to physical exertion. She denies urgency, incomplete voiding, painful urination, or any other genitourinary symptoms. She is currently on hormone replacement therapy. Her vital signs are as follows: blood pressure, 120/80 mm Hg; heart rate, 77/min; respiratory rate, 13/min; and temperature, 36.6℃ (97.9℉). On physical examination, there is no costovertebral or suprapubic tenderness. The surgical scar is normal in appearance. The gynecologic examination revealed a small opening in the upper portion of the anterior wall of the vagina. No discharge was noted. How would you confirm the diagnosis?

A 42-year-old woman comes to the physician because of right flank pain that started 3 days following a procedure. Her vital signs are within normal limits. Physical examination shows right costovertebral angle tenderness. An intravenous pyelogram shows a dilated renal pelvis and ureter on the right with a lack of contrast proximal to the ureterovesical junction. This patient most likely recently underwent which of the following procedures?

A 34-year-old pregnant woman with unknown medical history is admitted to the hospital at her 36th week of gestation with painful contractions. She received no proper prenatal care during the current pregnancy. On presentation, her vital signs are as follows: blood pressure is 110/60 mm Hg, heart rate is 102/min, respiratory rate is 23/min, and temperature is 37.0℃ (98.6℉). Fetal heart rate is 179/min. Pelvic examination shows a closed non-effaced cervix. During the examination, the patient experiences a strong contraction accompanied by a high-intensity pain after which contractions disappear. The fetal heart rate becomes 85/min and continues to decrease. The fetal head is now floating. Which of the following factors would most likely be present in the patient’s history?

A 28-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 1, at 31 weeks gestation is admitted to the hospital because of regular contractions and pelvic pressure for 3 hours. Her pregnancy has been uncomplicated so far. She has attended many prenatal appointments and followed the physician's advice about screening for diseases, laboratory testing, diet, and exercise. She has no history of fluid leakage or bleeding. Her previous pregnancy was complicated by a preterm delivery at 34 weeks gestation. She smoked 1 pack of cigarettes daily for 10 years before pregnancy and has smoked 4 cigarettes daily during pregnancy. At the hospital, her temperature is 37.2°C (99.0°F), blood pressure is 108/60 mm Hg, pulse is 88/min, and respirations are 16/min. Cervical examination shows 2 cm dilation with intact membranes. Fetal examination shows no abnormalities. A cardiotocography shows a contraction amplitude of 220 montevideo units (MVU) in 10 minutes. Which of the following is the most appropriate pharmacotherapy at this time?

A 23-year-old gravida 1-para-1 (G1P1) presents to the emergency department with severe lower abdominal pain that started several hours ago. She has had fevers, malaise, and nausea for the last 2 days. Her last menstrual period was 3 weeks ago. Her past medical history is insignificant. She has had 3 sexual partners in the past 1 month and uses oral contraception. The vital signs include temperature 38.8°C (101.8°F), and blood pressure 120/75 mm Hg. On physical examination, there is abdominal tenderness in the lower quadrants. Uterine and adnexal tenderness is also elicited. A urine test is negative for pregnancy. On speculum examination, the cervix is inflamed with motion tenderness and a yellow-white purulent discharge. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A 42-year-old G3P3003 presents to her gynecologist for an annual visit. She complains of urinary incontinence when jogging since the birth of her last child three years ago. Her periods are regular every 30 days. The patient also has cramping that is worse before and during her period but always present at baseline. She describes a feeling of heaviness in her pelvis that is exacerbated by standing for several hours at her job as a cashier. The patient has had two spontaneous vaginal deliveries, one caesarean section, and currently uses condoms for contraception. She is obese and smokes a pack of cigarettes a day. Her mother died of breast cancer at age 69, and her aunt is undergoing treatment for endometrial cancer. The patient’s temperature is 98.6°F (37.0°C), pulse is 70/min, blood pressure is 142/81 mmHg, and respirations are 13/min. Pelvic exam is notable for a uterine fundus palpated just above the pubic symphysis and a boggy, smooth texture to the uterus. There is no tenderness or mass in the adnexa, and no uterosacral nodularity is noted. Which of the following is a classic pathological feature of this patient’s most likely diagnosis?

A 19-year-old woman with no known past medical history presents to the emergency department with increasing lower pelvic pain and vaginal discharge over the last several days. She endorses some experimentation with marijuana and cocaine, drinks liquor almost daily, and smokes 2 packs of cigarettes per day. The patient's blood pressure is 84/66 mm Hg, pulse is 121/min, respiratory rate is 16/min, and temperature is 39.5°C (103.1°F). Physical examination reveals profuse yellow-green vaginal discharge and severe cervical motion tenderness. What is the most appropriate definitive treatment for this patient’s presumed diagnosis?

A 26-year-old woman presents to her gynecologist with complaints of pain with her menses and during intercourse. She also complains of chest pain that occurs whenever she has her menstrual period. The patient has a past medical history of bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder. Her current medications include lithium and haloperidol. Review of systems is notable only for pain when she has a bowel movement relieved by defecation. Her temperature is 98.2°F (36.8°C), blood pressure is 114/74 mmHg, pulse is 70/min, respirations are 14/min, and oxygen saturation is 98% on room air. Pelvic exam is notable for a tender adnexal mass. The patient's uterus is soft, boggy, and tender. Which of the following is the most appropriate method of confirming the diagnosis in this patient?

A 37-year-old woman, gravida 3, para 3, comes to the physician for very painful menses that have caused her to miss at least 3 days of work during each menstrual cycle for the past 6 months. Menses occur with heavy bleeding at regular 28-day intervals. She also has constant dull pain in the pelvic region between cycles. She is otherwise healthy. She weighs 53 kg (117 lb) and is 160 cm tall; BMI is 20.7 kg/m2. Pelvic examination shows no abnormalities. Pelvic ultrasonography shows a uniformly enlarged uterus and asymmetric thickening of the myometrial wall with a poorly defined endomyometrial border. Which of the following is the most likely cause of these findings?

A 35-year-old G3P2 woman currently 39 weeks pregnant presents to the emergency department with painful vaginal bleeding shortly after a motor vehicle accident in which she was a passenger. She had her seat belt on and reports that the airbag deployed immediately upon her car's impact against a tree. She admits that she actively smokes cigarettes. Her prenatal workup is unremarkable. Her previous pregnancies were remarkable for one episode of chorioamnionitis that resolved with antibiotics. Her temperature is 98.6°F (37°C), blood pressure is 90/60 mmHg, pulse is 130/min, and respirations are 20/min. The fetal pulse is 110/min. Her uterus is tender and firm. The remainder of her physical exam is unremarkable. What is the most likely diagnosis?