Gastroenterology — MCQs

A 27-year-old male presents to clinic complaining of coughing up small amounts of blood daily for the past week. He denies smoking, sick contacts, or recent travel. Chest radiographs demonstrates interstitial pneumonia with patchy alveolar infiltrates suggestive of multiple bleeding sites. Urinalysis is positive for blood and protein. A positive result is returned for anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody (anti-GBM Ab). What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 68-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician with a complaint of fatigue, difficulty breathing upon exertion, and crampy lower abdominal pain. She also noticed that her stools appear darker than usual. She has had essential hypertension for 20 years, for which she takes bisoprolol. Her family history is positive for type 2 diabetes mellitus. On physical examination, she looks pale. Complete blood count shows the following: Hemoglobin 10 g/dL Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) 70 fL Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) 25 pg/cell Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) 27 g/dL Red cell distribution width 16% Platelet count 350,000/mm3 Serum ferritin 9 ng/mL Which of the following is the best initial step for this patient?

A 65-year-old man presents to the emergency department with a fever and weakness. He states his symptoms started yesterday and have been gradually worsening. The patient has a past medical history of obesity, diabetes, alcohol abuse, as well as a 30 pack-year smoking history. He lives in a nursing home and has presented multiple times in the past for ulcers and delirium. His temperature is 103°F (39.4°C), blood pressure is 122/88 mmHg, pulse is 129/min, respirations are 24/min, and oxygen saturation is 99% on room air. Physical exam is notable for a murmur. The patient is started on vancomycin and piperacillin-tazobactam and is admitted to the medicine floor. During his hospital stay, blood cultures grow Streptococcus bovis and his antibiotics are appropriately altered. A transesophageal echocardiograph is within normal limits. The patient’s fever decreases and his symptoms improve. Which of the following is also necessary in this patient?

A 47-year-old male presents to his primary care physician complaining of upper abdominal pain. He reports a four-month history of gnawing epigastric discomfort that improves with meals. He has lost 10 pounds over that same period. His past medical history is significant for a prolactinoma for which he underwent transphenoidal resection. He does not smoke or drink alcohol. His family history is notable for a paternal uncle and paternal grandmother with parathyroid neoplasms. His temperature is 99°F (37.2°C), blood pressure is 115/80 mmHg, pulse is 80/min, and respirations are 18/min. Upon further diagnostic workup, which of the following sets of laboratory findings is most likely?

A 40-year-old Caucasian woman presents to the physician with urinary frequency, urgency, and pelvic pain for 1 week. She has poor sleep quality because her symptoms persist throughout the night, as well as the day. Her pain partially subsides with urination. She does not have dysuria or urinary incontinence. Her menstrual cycles are regular. Over the past 6 months, she has had several similar episodes, each lasting 1–2 weeks. She has been relatively symptom-free between episodes. Her symptoms began 6 months ago after an established diagnosis of cystitis, for which she was treated with appropriate antibiotics. Since that time, urine cultures have consistently been negative. Her past history is significant for a diagnosis of fibromyalgia 2 years ago, multiple uterine fibroids, irritable bowel syndrome, and depression. She takes tramadol occasionally and sertraline daily. The vital signs are within normal limits. The neurologic examination showed no abnormalities. Examination of the abdomen, pelvis, and rectum was unremarkable. Cystoscopy reinspection after full distension and drainage reveals small, petechial hemorrhages throughout the bladder except for the trigone. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?

A 20-year-old woman comes to the physician for the evaluation of fatigue and low energy levels for 2 months. She has not had fever or weight changes. She has no history of serious illness except for an episode of infectious mononucleosis 4 weeks ago. Menses occur at regular 28-day intervals and last 5 days with moderate flow. Her last menstrual period was 3 weeks ago. Her mother has Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Vital signs are within normal limits. Examination shows pale conjunctivae, inflammation of the corners of the mouth, and brittle nails. The remainder of the examination shows no abnormalities. Laboratory studies show: Hemoglobin 10.3 g/dL Mean corpuscular volume 74 μm3 Platelet count 280,000/mm3 Leukocyte count 6,000/mm3 Which of the following is the most appropriate initial step in management?

A 53-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of weakness and abdominal pain for 24 hours. She has had three bowel movements with dark stool during this period. She has not had vomiting and has never had such episodes in the past. She underwent a tubal ligation 15 years ago. She has chronic lower extremity lymphedema, osteoarthritis, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Her father died of colon cancer at the age of 72 years. Current medications include metformin, naproxen, and calcium with vitamin D3. She had a screening colonoscopy at 50 years of age which was normal. She appears pale and diaphoretic. Her temperature is 36°C (96.8°F), pulse is 110/min, respirations are 20/min, and blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg. Pulse oximetry on room air shows an oxygen saturation of 98%. The abdomen is soft and nondistended with mild epigastric tenderness. Rectal exam shows tarry stool. Two large bore IV lines are placed and fluid resuscitation with normal saline is initiated. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?

A 36-year-old woman gravida 5, para 4 was admitted at 31 weeks of gestation with worsening fatigue and shortness of breath on exertion for the past month. She also has nausea and loss of appetite. No significant past medical history. The patient denies any smoking history, alcohol or illicit drug use. Her vital signs include: blood pressure 110/60 mm Hg, pulse 120/min, respiratory rate 22/min and temperature 35.1℃ (97.0℉). A complete blood count reveals a macrocytosis with severe pancytopenia, as follows: Hb 7.2 g/dL RBC 3.6 million/uL WBC 4,400/mm3 Neutrophils 40% Lymphocytes 20% Platelets 15,000/mm3 MCV 104 fL Reticulocytes 0.9% Serum ferritin and vitamin B12 levels were within normal limits. There was an elevated homocysteine level and a normal methylmalonic acid level. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis in this patient?

A 55-year-old man with known coronary artery disease presents to the ED with epigastric pain, worsening fatigue, and melena. He takes aspirin and rosuvastatin, but took ibuprofen over the past two weeks for lower back pain. He denies nausea, vomiting, hematemesis, chest pain, fever, and weight loss. Sitting blood pressure is 100/70 mmHg and pulse is 90/min, but standing blood pressure is 85/60 mmHg and pulse is 110/min. Airway is patent. His hands feel cold and clammy. Abdominal exam confirms epigastric pain, but no rebound tenderness or guarding. Despite 2 liters of lactated Ringer's, the blood pressure and pulse have not changed. What hemoglobin (Hb) threshold should be considered if packed red blood cell (pRBC) transfusion is ordered in this patient?

A 26-year-old primigravida woman comes to her primary care physician for the second prenatal visit. She is 10 weeks pregnant. She has no current complaint except for occasional nausea. She does not have any chronic health problems. She denies smoking or alcohol intake. Her family history is positive for paternal colon cancer at the age of 55. Vital signs include a temperature of 37.1°C (98.8°F), blood pressure of 120/60 mm Hg, and pulse of 90/min. Physical examination discloses no abnormalities. According to the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), which of the following screening tests is recommended for this patient?