AI Applications in Chest Imaging Practice Questions

Question 1

A chest X-ray shows bilateral lung infiltrates. What is the next best investigation?

Accepted Answer

CT

Answer

Sputum examination

Answer

Bronchoscopy

Answer

Echocardiography

Question 2

A female patient with clinical symptoms of systemic sclerosis presents with shortness of breath and bilateral basal rales. Her chest X-ray showed reticular opacities in bilateral basal fields. What is the next best step?

Accepted Answer

Do HRCT

Answer

Do 2D echocardiography

Answer

Do Pulmonary Function Test

Answer

Do CECT

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a typical differential diagnosis for a solitary pulmonary nodule?

Accepted Answer

Mycetoma

Answer

Tuberculoma

Answer

Hamartoma

Answer

Bronchogenic carcinoma

Question 4

Which of the following statements about chest trauma is/are FALSE?

Accepted Answer

All of the options

Answer

ECG done in all cases a/w sternal fracture

Answer

Under water seal drainage in all cases a/w pneumothorax and X-ray chest investigation of choice

Answer

Urgent surgery needed in all cases

Question 5

What does this CT chest image show?

Accepted Answer

Segmental collapse

Answer

Consolidation

Answer

Pneumothorax

Answer

Pleural effusion

Question 6

A research team develops an AI algorithm using 100,000 CT scans from multiple institutions. The algorithm shows excellent performance (AUC 0.96) but requires extensive computational resources. To deploy it in resource-limited settings, they propose model compression techniques. Evaluate the potential trade-offs and propose the most balanced approach.

Accepted Answer

Use knowledge distillation to train a smaller model that mimics the larger model while accepting minimal performance decrease

Answer

Model compression always maintains performance while reducing size

Answer

Avoid compression as any performance loss is unacceptable in medical AI

Answer

Random pruning of neural network connections is sufficient

Question 7

A radiology department is evaluating two AI algorithms for fracture detection. Algorithm A has AUC-ROC of 0.95, while Algorithm B has AUC-ROC of 0.92 but provides explainable results showing which image regions influenced its decision. Considering clinical implementation and medicolegal aspects, which statement best evaluates the choice?

Accepted Answer

Algorithm B may be preferred despite lower AUC due to interpretability and accountability

Answer

Algorithm A should always be chosen due to superior performance metrics

Answer

AUC-ROC is the only relevant metric for clinical decision making

Answer

The difference in AUC is clinically insignificant so both are equivalent

Question 8

A hospital implements an AI algorithm for detecting intracranial hemorrhage on CT scans. The algorithm was trained on data from a different population with different CT scanner protocols. The algorithm shows decreased performance. Which concept explains this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

Dataset shift and lack of generalizability

Answer

Overfitting of the training data

Answer

Insufficient neural network layers

Answer

Poor image preprocessing

Question 9

A 55-year-old male presents with chronic cough. A chest X-ray is analyzed by an AI algorithm that reports a 4mm lung nodule in the right upper lobe with 85% confidence. The human radiologist reviews the image but cannot identify the nodule. What is the most appropriate next step?

Accepted Answer

Obtain a second opinion from another radiologist and correlate with clinical findings

Answer

Accept the AI finding and proceed to CT scan immediately

Answer

Reject the AI finding as a false positive without further action

Answer

Report only what the radiologist can see and discard AI output

Question 10

How does a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) work in the context of medical image synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Through a generator creating images and a discriminator distinguishing real from fake

Answer

By comparing two identical neural networks

Answer

By using regression algorithms to predict image quality

Answer

Through supervised learning with labeled datasets only

AI Applications in Chest Imaging — MCQs

AI Applications in Chest Imaging — MCQs

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