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NEET-PG 2024 — Radiology

Q: Identify the condition shown in the plain abdominal radiograph.

Pancreatic calcification. ***Pancreatic calcification*** - The radiograph displays **multiple, punctate, and amorphous calcifications** clustered in the upper abdomen, characteristic of **chronic pancreatitis**. - These calcifications represent **calcium deposits within the pancreatic ducts and parenchyma**, a hallmark sign of chronic inflammation and damage to the pancreas. *Mesenteric calcification* - **Mesenteric calcifications** are typically more scattered and linear, often following the distribution of blood vessels or lymph nodes within the mesentery, which is not seen here. - They are generally less dense and less granular than the calcifications observed in the image. *Horseshoe kidney* - A **horseshoe kidney** is a congenital anomaly where the kidneys are fused at their lower poles, forming a U-shape, and is typically located lower in the abdomen, often overlying the spine. - This condition presents with the characteristic **renal outlines** and not diffuse calcifications as shown. *Jejunal fecolith* - A **jejunal fecolith** would appear as a singular or a few discrete, dense, and typically rounded or oval radio-opacities within the lumen of the jejunum. - The diffuse, scattered pattern of calcifications displayed in the image is inconsistent with a fecolith, which is usually composed of inspissated fecal material.

Q: Identify the diagnosis using the MRI provided.

Chiari type 1 malformation. ***Chiari type 1 malformation*** - The sagittal MRI image clearly shows the **cerebellar tonsils prolapsing below the foramen magnum** into the cervical spinal canal, which is the hallmark of a Chiari type 1 malformation. - This condition can lead to symptoms like headaches, neck pain, and neurological deficits due to compression of the brainstem and spinal cord. *Dandy-Walker malformation* - This malformation involves the **agenesis or hypoplasia of the cerebellar vermis** and persistent cystic dilation of the fourth ventricle, creating a large posterior fossa cyst. - The image does not show an enlarged posterior fossa with a cystic fourth ventricle or a severely hypoplastic vermis. *Vein of Galen malformation* - This is a **rare congenital vascular malformation** involving a direct arteriovenous shunt without an intervening capillary bed, typically presenting as an enlarged vein of Galen. - The provided image is a sagittal view demonstrating cerebellar tonsillar herniation, not a prominent or malformed vein of Galen. *Agenesis of the corpus callosum* - This condition is characterized by the **partial or complete absence of the corpus callosum**, the band of white matter connecting the two cerebral hemispheres. - On sagittal MRI, this would show absence of the corpus callosum and typically radial gyral patterns, which are not seen in this image.

12 Questions — Page 2 of 2

Q11

Identify the condition shown in the plain abdominal radiograph.

Q12

Identify the diagnosis using the MRI provided.