NEET-PG 2019 Practice Questions

Q: Which nerve passes through the structure shown? (Recent NEET Pattern 2019)

Inferior alveolar nerve. ***Inferior alveolar nerve*** - The image points to the **mandibular foramen**, an opening on the medial surface of the mandibular ramus. - The **inferior alveolar nerve** enters the mandible through this foramen to supply sensation to the mandibular teeth. *Lingual nerve* - The **lingual nerve** typically runs anterior to the inferior alveolar nerve in the infratemporal fossa but does not pass through the mandibular foramen. - It supplies general sensation and taste to the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. *Buccal nerve* - The **buccal nerve** passes between the two heads of the lateral pterygoid muscle and supplies sensation to the buccal mucosa and gingiva, not traveling within the mandible. - It arises from the anterior division of the mandibular nerve. *Hypoglossal nerve* - The **hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)** is a motor nerve for the tongue muscles and is located entirely outside the mandible. - It exits the skull through the hypoglossal canal and runs in the neck and floor of the mouth.

Q: Identify the structure shown below. (Recent NEET Pattern 2019)

Fornix. ***Fornix*** - The arrow points to a C-shaped bundle of **nerve fibers** in the brain that acts as the primary efferent (output) pathway of the **hippocampus**, a crucial structure for memory. - It is located inferior to the corpus callosum and its position in the image is consistent with the anatomical location of the fornix. *Corpus callosum* - The corpus callosum is a large, **C-shaped nerve fiber bundle** located beneath the cerebral cortex in the longitudinal fissure, connecting the left and right cerebral hemispheres. - While visible in the image, the arrow specifically indicates the structure immediately beneath it, which is the fornix, not the corpus callosum itself. *Pineal gland* - The **pineal gland** is a small endocrine gland located in the epithalamus, near the center of the brain, behind the thalamus. - Its position is medial and inferior to the structure indicated by the arrow. *Splenium* - The **splenium** is the posterior, thicker part of the **corpus callosum**, forming its most caudal end. - The arrow points to a more anterior and inferior structure than the splenium. *Septum pellucidum* - The **septum pellucidum** is a thin, vertical membrane separating the anterior horns of the left and right lateral ventricles. - It is located superior and anterior to the fornix, positioned between the corpus callosum above and the fornix below, which is different from the structure indicated by the arrow.

Q: Name the muscle marked as colour blue in the extensor compartment of forearm. (Recent NEET Pattern 2019)

Brachioradialis. ***Brachioradialis*** - The **brachioradialis** muscle is a prominent superficial muscle in the lateral compartment of the forearm, shown in **blue** in the diagram, originating from the **lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus** and inserting into the **radial styloid process**. - It primarily functions to **flex the elbow** and helps to bring the forearm into a midprone position. *Extensor carpi radialis* - The extensor carpi radialis muscles (longus and brevis) are located deep to the brachioradialis and extend the wrist, often distinguishable by their more distal insertion on the **metacarpals**. - They are typically not the most superficial and most lateral muscle spanning the entire forearm length as depicted in blue. *Extensor digitorum* - The **extensor digitorum** is located more medially than the brachioradialis and its tendons diverge to attach to the four medial fingers, a configuration not shown by the blue muscle. - This muscle is responsible for **extending the medial four digits**. *Extensor carpi ulnaris* - The **extensor carpi ulnaris** is situated on the **ulnar side** of the forearm, furthest from the blue-highlighted muscle, and its primary action is **wrist extension and ulnar deviation**. - It would be found along the posterior medial aspect of the forearm, not in the relatively lateral position shown in blue.

Q: Identify the structure shown. (Recent NEET Pattern 2019)

Cerebellum. ***Cerebellum*** - The arrow in the sagittal MRI view points to the posterior cranial fossa, where the **cerebellum** is located, characterized by its distinctive folia and fissures. - The cerebellum is critical for **motor control**, balance, coordination, and learning motor skills. *Pons* - The **pons** is located anterior to the cerebellum, appearing as a prominent bulge on the brainstem, superior to the medulla. - It primarily acts as a communication bridge between the **cerebrum and cerebellum** and contains nuclei important for sleep, respiration, and bladder control. *Medulla* - The **medulla oblongata** is the lowest part of the brainstem, continuous with the spinal cord, situated inferior to the pons. - It contains vital autonomic centers for **cardiac, respiratory, and vasomotor functions**. *Occipital cortex* - The **occipital cortex** is part of the cerebrum, located at the posterior pole of the brain, superior to the cerebellum, and is responsible for **visual processing**. - It is identifiable by its characteristic gyri and sulci, distinctly different from the highly folded cerebellar folia.

Q: The dermatome level of the structure indicated in the image is: (Recent NEET Pattern 2019)

T10. ***T10*** - The dermatome for **T10** corresponds to the level of the **umbilicus**. - This is a crucial anatomical landmark for dermatomal assessment, neurological examination, and clinical correlation. - The T10 dermatome is consistently tested in NEET-PG examinations. *T12* - The dermatome for **T12** is located just inferior to the umbilicus, typically corresponding to the **suprapubic region** or inguinal area. - It does not correspond to the umbilicus itself. *L1* - The dermatome for **L1** is generally located in the **inguinal region** and upper anterior thigh. - This is significantly lower than the umbilicus. *L3-L4* - **L3-L4** refers to a **vertebral level**, not a dermatomal level. - While the umbilicus is anatomically located at approximately the L3-L4 vertebral level, the question asks for the **dermatome**, which is T10. - Dermatomes and vertebral levels should not be confused.

Q: Which nerve supplies the highlighted muscle? (Recent NEET Pattern 2019)

Anterior interosseous nerve. ***Anterior interosseous nerve*** - The highlighted muscle is the **flexor pollicis longus**, which is innervated by the **anterior interosseous nerve**, a branch of the **median nerve**. - This muscle is responsible for **flexion of the interphalangeal joint of the thumb**. *Median Nerve* - While the anterior interosseous nerve is a branch of the median nerve, the median nerve itself innervates most of the **forearm flexors** and thenar muscles, but not directly the flexor pollicis longus by its main trunk. - Damage to the median nerve would affect the flexor pollicis longus, but the direct innervation is via its specific branch. *Ulnar nerve* - The ulnar nerve supplies most of the **intrinsic hand muscles** (except for the thenar muscles and first two lumbricals) and the **flexor carpi ulnaris** and medial half of the **flexor digitorum profundus**. - It does not innervate the flexor pollicis longus. *Radial Nerve* - The radial nerve primarily innervates the **extensor muscles** of the arm and forearm. - It has no role in the innervation of the flexor pollicis longus or other anterior compartment forearm muscles.

Question 1

Which nerve passes through the structure shown? (Recent NEET Pattern 2019)

Accepted Answer

Inferior alveolar nerve

Answer

Lingual nerve

Answer

Buccal nerve

Answer

Hypoglossal nerve

Question 2

Identify the structure shown below. (Recent NEET Pattern 2019)

Accepted Answer

Fornix

Answer

Corpus callosum

Answer

Pineal gland

Answer

Splenium

Answer

Septum pellucidum

Question 3

Name the muscle marked as colour blue in the extensor compartment of forearm. (Recent NEET Pattern 2019)

Accepted Answer

Brachioradialis

Answer

Extensor carpi radialis

Answer

Extensor digitorum

Answer

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Question 4

Identify the structure shown. (Recent NEET Pattern 2019)

Accepted Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Pons

Answer

Medulla

Answer

Occipital cortex

Question 5

The dermatome level of the structure indicated in the image is: (Recent NEET Pattern 2019)

Accepted Answer

T10

Answer

T12

Answer

L1

Answer

L3-L4

Question 6

Which nerve supplies the highlighted muscle? (Recent NEET Pattern 2019)

Accepted Answer

Anterior interosseous nerve

Answer

Median Nerve

Answer

Ulnar nerve

Answer

Radial Nerve

NEET-PG 2019

Anatomy