NEET-PG 2017 Practice Questions

Q: A 19-year-old woman presents to the emergency department complaining of lesions on her vulva. They have been present for several months but are now beginning to interfere with intercourse. Which viral subtypes are responsible for most cases of this disease? (Recent Neet Pattern 2016-17)

Types 6 and 11. ***Types 6 and 11*** - Human Papillomavirus (HPV) **types 6 and 11** are responsible for approximately 90% of all cases of **genital warts (condyloma acuminata)**. - These types are considered low-risk HPV as they rarely lead to cancer but can cause significant discomfort and interfere with sexual activity due to their physical presence. *Types 6 and 18* - While **HPV type 6** is a common cause of genital warts, **HPV type 18** is a high-risk type primarily associated with **cervical cancer**, not typically with vulvar warts. - Combining a low-risk and a high-risk type in this manner does not accurately represent the primary cause of condyloma acuminata. *Types 11 and 16* - **HPV type 11** causes genital warts, but **HPV type 16** is a **high-risk HPV** type strongly associated with cervical and other anogenital cancers. - While both can cause lesions, type 16 is not a primary cause of benign genital warts; it's a major cause of malignancies. *Types 11 and 31* - **HPV type 11** is linked to genital warts, but **HPV type 31** is another **high-risk HPV** type associated with cervical cancer, not typically with benign vulvar warts. - Similar to the previous option, this combination incorrectly mixes a benign wart-causing type with a high-risk oncogenic type when addressing the cause of vulvar lesions.

Q: All are correct regarding the device shown here except:

Placed 6 cm anterior to posterior fontanelle. ***Placed 6 cm anterior to posterior fontanelle*** - This is the **incorrect statement** - proper vacuum cup placement should be approximately **3 cm anterior to the posterior fontanelle** at the flexion point of the fetal head. - Placing the cup **6 cm anterior** would be too far forward, increasing risk of **cup dislodgement**, **subgaleal hemorrhage**, and ineffective traction. *Should generate effective vacuum of 0.8 Kg / cm^2* - This is a **correct statement** - effective vacuum pressure should be between **0.6 to 0.8 kg/cm^2** (500-600 mmHg). - This pressure range ensures adequate suction for delivery while minimizing risk of **fetal scalp injury**. *Traction at right angles to the cup* - This is a **correct statement** - traction must be applied **perpendicular to the cup plane** for optimal force transmission. - This technique prevents **cup dislodgement** and ensures efficient pulling force along the **birth canal axis**. *Traction is released in between uterine contractions* - This is a **correct statement** - traction should be **released between contractions** to prevent excessive force and allow fetal head repositioning. - Continuous traction can cause **fetal trauma** and **cup dislodgement** due to sustained pressure without uterine support.

Q: Identify the STD. (Recent Neet Pattern 2016-17)

Chlamydia. ***Chlamydia*** - The image exhibits **cervicitis** with a visible **purulent exudate** and **cervical edema**, which is highly characteristic of **Chlamydia trachomatis** infection. - Given that Chlamydia is often **asymptomatic** or presents with non-specific symptoms, direct visualization of such changes on the cervix is a key diagnostic indicator in symptomatic cases. *Gonorrhea* - While gonorrhea can also cause cervicitis with purulent discharge, the specific appearance in the image with more pronounced **edema** and somewhat **friable cervix** is more classically associated with Chlamydia in many clinical presentations. - Differentiation often requires **laboratory testing** (e.g., NAAT) as visual signs can overlap, but the depicted features lean more towards Chlamydia. *Syphilis* - Syphilis is typically characterized by **chancres** (painless ulcers) in its primary stage, or rashes and condylomata lata in secondary syphilis, none of which are seen in this image. - The image shows inflammation and discharge, not ulcerative lesions. *Chancroid* - Chancroid is characterized by **painful genital ulcers** with a characteristic soft base and often associated with **buboes** (swollen lymph nodes). - The findings in the image—cervical inflammation and discharge—do not align with the typical presentation of chancroid.

Q: Which of the following is incorrect about the instrument shown below? (Recent Neet Pattern 2016-17)

Contraindicated in postpartum state. ***Contraindicated in postpartum state*** - The instrument shown is a **uterine sound**, used to measure the **depth of the uterine cavity**. It is **not contraindicated in the postpartum state**; in fact, it can be used cautiously to check for retained products of conception or assess the uterine cavity, keeping in mind the uterus is softer and more prone to perforation. - This statement is **INCORRECT**, making it the right answer to this question. *Used to determine uterine size* - A **uterine sound** is primarily used to measure the **length of the uterine cavity from the external os to the fundus**, which helps determine uterine size. - This measurement is crucial for procedures like **IUD insertion**, endometrial biopsy, and hysteroscopy. - This is a **CORRECT** statement about the uterine sound. *Passed till it meets resistance at the fundus* - The uterine sound is passed through the **cervical canal** until it gently touches the **fundus** (top) of the uterus. - The measurement is read from the marking on the instrument corresponding to the external cervical os, typically ranging from **6-8 cm** in normal uteri. - This is a **CORRECT** statement about the technique. *Malleable sound* - The image depicts a **uterine sound**, which is typically made of **malleable metal** (usually stainless steel). - Its malleability allows it to be bent or shaped to match the **curvature of the uterus** (anteversion/retroversion), reducing the risk of perforation and facilitating accurate measurement. - This is a **CORRECT** statement about the instrument.

Q: Identify the instrument:

Mucus sucker. ***Mucus sucker*** - The image displays a device with a **curved tip** and a connecting piece, characteristic of a mucus sucker used for aspirating secretions. - This instrument is commonly used in **neonates** and **infants** to clear the airway from mucus or amniotic fluid. *Rubin insufflation cannula* - A Rubin insufflation cannula is typically used for **uterotubal insufflation**, a procedure to test the patency of fallopian tubes. - It has a more rigid, straight design with a cone-shaped tip to seal the cervix, which is different from the curved tip shown. *Uterine sound* - A uterine sound is a malleable, slender instrument used to **measure the depth and direction** of the uterine cavity. - Its design is typically straight or slightly curved, but lacks the suction port and associated components seen in the image. *Suction cannula* - While a mucus sucker is a type of suction cannula, a general suction cannula often refers to instruments like a **Yankauer suction tip** or **Frazier suction tip**. - These are typically used in different surgical fields with varied tip designs and sizes, and the specific instrument shown is clearly identifiable as a mucus sucker due to its characteristic shape for neonatal use.

Q: The following alphabet of Snellen's chart will subtend an angle of how many minutes at nodal point of the eye?

5. ***Correct Option: 5 minutes*** - The **entire optotype (letter)** of a Snellen's chart subtends an angle of **5 minutes of arc** at the nodal point of the eye when viewed from the standard testing distance - This is the fundamental design principle of the Snellen chart for visual acuity testing - At 6 meters (20 feet), a letter on the 6/6 (20/20) line subtends 5 minutes of arc in total height and width - This standardization allows for consistent visual acuity measurement across different testing scenarios *Incorrect: 1 minute* - This is the angle subtended by **each component part** of the letter (e.g., the width of a stroke or gap between strokes) - Not the angle for the entire letter - Used to define the detail that must be resolved for normal vision *Incorrect: 3 minutes* - No standard optical principle supports this value - Not related to Snellen chart design parameters *Incorrect: 10 minutes* - This angle is too large for standard Snellen chart optotypes - Would indicate significantly reduced visual acuity requirements - Not consistent with 6/6 (20/20) vision standards

Q: A Lethargic hypoglycemic girl neonate has the following genital appearance. What is the probable cause? (Recent Neet Pattern 2016-17)

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia. ***Congenital adrenal hyperplasia*** - The image shows **ambiguous genitalia (clitoromegaly/phallic structure with fused labia)** in a neonate presenting with **lethargy and hypoglycemia**, which are symptoms of **salt-wasting crisis**. - This clinical picture in a presumed genetic female is highly suggestive of **21-hydroxylase deficiency**, the most common form of CAH, leading to excess adrenal androgens and mineralocorticoid deficiency. *Ovotesticular disorder of sexual differentiation* - This condition involves the presence of both **ovarian and testicular tissue**, leading to ambiguous genitalia. - While it can cause ambiguous genitalia, it does not typically present with the acute metabolic crisis (hypoglycemia, lethargy) seen in this neonate, which points to a hormonal deficiency. *Turner syndrome* - **Turner syndrome (45, XO)** affects genetic females and is characterized by the absence of one X chromosome, typically resulting in **female external genitalia** that are usually normal or immature. - It does not cause ambiguous genitalia or the metabolic derangements (hypoglycemia) characteristic of adrenal insufficiency. *Klinefelter syndrome* - **Klinefelter syndrome (47, XXY)** affects genetic males and typically presents with **normal male external genitalia** at birth. - Features like hypogonadism and gynecomastia become apparent later in puberty, and it is not associated with ambiguous genitalia or neonatal metabolic crises.

Q: Identify the instrument:

Sponge-holding forceps. ***Sponge-holding forceps*** - This image clearly shows **sponge-holding forceps**, identifiable by their **long handles** and **fenestrated, serrated jaws** used for holding swabs or sponges during surgical procedures. - The jaws are designed to securely grip materials without crushing them, crucial for gentle tissue handling or applying antiseptics. *Ovum forceps* - **Ovum forceps** typically have **cup-shaped jaws** with or without teeth, specifically designed for removing placental fragments or uterine contents. - Their jaws are usually shorter and more rounded than those depicted. *Kocher forceps* - **Kocher forceps** are characterized by their **transverse serrations** and **1x2 teeth** at the tip, designed for strong and atraumatic grasping of tissue. - The jaws in the image are clearly fenestrated and do not have the characteristic teeth of Kocher forceps. *Allis forceps* - **Allis forceps** have **multiple fine teeth** at the tip that intermesh, providing a secure but potentially traumatic grip on tissue. - They are used for grasping and holding tissue that is to be removed, distinguishing them from the broader, fenestrated jaws shown.

Q: Identify the instrument:

Babcock forceps. ***Babcock forceps*** - Babcock forceps are characterized by their **atraumatic, rounded, fenestrated jaws** with a serrated inner surface that allows for a secure grip on delicate tissues without causing significant damage. - They are commonly used in surgery to **grasp and hold tubular structures** such as the bowel, fallopian tubes, or blood vessels without crushing them. *Ovum-holding forceps* - Ovum-holding forceps have **delicate, smooth or minimally serrated jaws** designed to handle small, fragile structures. - They are primarily used in **assisted reproductive procedures** or to grasp delicate tissues during gynecologic surgeries without causing trauma. *Artery forceps* - Artery forceps (e.g., Crile or Halstead mosquito forceps) have **narrow, serrated jaws** that run the full length of the tip. - They are designed to **clamp blood vessels** to control bleeding and typically have a locking mechanism. *Kocher forceps* - Kocher forceps are distinguished by their **transverse serrations** and **1x2 teeth** at the tip of the jaws. - These features provide a **strong, secure grip** on tough tissues but can be traumatic, making them unsuitable for delicate structures.

Q: Identify the instrument:

Artery forceps. ***Artery forceps*** - The image displays a common **hemostatic clamp** or artery forceps, characterized by its **ring handles**, **ratchet mechanism**, and **serrated jaws**, which are designed to grasp and occlude blood vessels. - The jaws are often curved or straight, and they interlock to provide a secure grip, classifying it as a **clamping instrument**. *Single tooth vulsellum* - A vulsellum has **sharp, pointed teeth** at its tips, designed to grasp dense tissue like the cervix, which is not seen here. - Vulsellums typically have a much more aggressive and pointed jaw design compared to the image. *Tenaculum* - A tenaculum is similar to a vulsellum but often has **finer, sharper points** for piercing tissue, especially the cervix during gynecological procedures. - The instrument in the image lacks the piercing tips characteristic of a tenaculum. *Ovum-holding forceps* - Ovum-holding forceps have **fenestrated (windowed) jaws** with rounded edges, designed to gently grasp fragile tissues like the ovum or polyps without causing trauma. - The instrument shown has completely closed, serrated jaws, not open fenestrated ones.

Question 1

A 19-year-old woman presents to the emergency department complaining of lesions on her vulva. They have been present for several months but are now beginning to interfere with intercourse. Which viral subtypes are responsible for most cases of this disease? (Recent Neet Pattern 2016-17)

Accepted Answer

Types 6 and 11

Answer

Types 6 and 18

Answer

Types 11 and 16

Answer

Types 11 and 31

Question 2

All are correct regarding the device shown here except:

Accepted Answer

Placed 6 cm anterior to posterior fontanelle

Answer

Should generate effective vacuum of 0.8 Kg / cm^2

Answer

Traction at right angles to the cup

Answer

Traction is released in between uterine contractions

Question 3

Identify the STD. (Recent Neet Pattern 2016-17)

Accepted Answer

Chlamydia

Answer

Gonorrhea

Answer

Syphilis

Answer

Chancroid

Question 4

Which of the following is incorrect about the instrument shown below? (Recent Neet Pattern 2016-17)

Accepted Answer

Contraindicated in postpartum state

Answer

Used to determine uterine size

Answer

Passed till it meets resistance at the fundus

Answer

Malleable sound

Question 5

Identify the instrument:

Accepted Answer

Mucus sucker

Answer

Rubin insufflation cannula

Answer

Uterine sound

Answer

Suction cannula

Question 6

The following alphabet of Snellen's chart will subtend an angle of how many minutes at nodal point of the eye?

Accepted Answer

5

Answer

1

Answer

3

Answer

10

Question 7

A Lethargic hypoglycemic girl neonate has the following genital appearance. What is the probable cause? (Recent Neet Pattern 2016-17)

Accepted Answer

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Answer

Ovotesticular disorder of sexual differentiation

Answer

Turner syndrome

Answer

Klinefelter syndrome

Question 8

Identify the instrument:

Accepted Answer

Sponge-holding forceps

Answer

Ovum forceps

Answer

Kocher forceps

Answer

Allis forceps

Question 9

Identify the instrument:

Accepted Answer

Babcock forceps

Answer

Ovum-holding forceps

Answer

Artery forceps

Answer

Kocher forceps

Question 10

Identify the instrument:

Accepted Answer

Artery forceps

Answer

Single tooth vulsellum

Answer

Tenaculum

Answer

Ovum-holding forceps

NEET-PG 2017

Microbiology

Obstetrics and Gynecology

Ophthalmology

Pediatrics

Surgery