NEET-PG 2017 - Anatomy Practice Questions

Q: The area marked as $X$ was selected for gastrostomy. Which of the following statements is incorrect about this area? (Recent NEET Pattern 2016-17)

Bounded on left by costal margin. ***Bounded on left by costal margin*** - This statement is marked as incorrect in this context because the more **precise anatomical term** for the left boundary of **Labbé's triangle (gastric triangle)** is the **left costal cartilage** (specifically 7th, 8th, and 9th costal cartilages). - While "costal margin" and "costal cartilage" are often used interchangeably in clinical practice, this question tests the more specific anatomical nomenclature. - The left costal margin is formed by these costal cartilages, but for precise anatomical description of Labbé's triangle, the term "left costal cartilage" is preferred. *Bounded on right by inferior border of liver* - This statement is correct. **Labbé's triangle**, a safe area for gastrostomy, is bounded on its **right side by the inferior border of the liver**. - This anatomical landmark helps define the region where the anterior wall of the stomach is accessible for surgical procedures without traversing other organs. *Bounded inferiorly by first part of duodenum* - This statement is correct. The **transpyloric plane** (at the level of L1 vertebra), which corresponds to the level of the first part of the duodenum, forms the **inferior boundary** of Labbé's triangle. - This boundary ensures that the gastrostomy site is on the body of the stomach and avoids damage to the duodenum. *Preferred site for gastrostomy* - This statement is correct. The region marked 'X' refers to **Labbé's triangle**, which is anatomically considered the **preferred and safest site for gastrostomy**. - This triangular area allows direct access to the anterior wall of the stomach without crossing other vital organs (liver, colon), reducing surgical risks and complications.

Q: Which of the following blood vessels is Drummond's Artery? (Recent NEET Pattern 2016-17)

C. ***C*** - Label C points to the **marginal artery of Drummond**, which is a continuous arterial anastomosis running along the mesenteric border of the large intestine. - This artery provides a crucial **collateral blood supply** to the colon, connecting branches of the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries. *A* - Label A points to branches of the **superior mesenteric artery** supplying the transverse colon, specifically the **middle colic artery** and possibly the **right colic artery**. - These are major contributors to the colon's blood supply but are not individually referred to as Drummond's artery; rather, they anastomose with it. *B* - Label B points to the **superior mesenteric artery** itself, which is the main artery supplying the small intestine, and parts of the large intestine (up to the distal transverse colon). - The superior mesenteric artery is a primary source of blood flow, but Drummond's artery is a separate anastomotic channel. *D* - Label D points to branches of the **inferior mesenteric artery** supplying the descending colon, specifically the **left colic artery**. - This artery contributes to the distal portion of Drummond's artery, but D itself indicates one of the feeding vessels rather than the marginal artery itself.

Q: Which of the following is correct about the image shown below?

A = Sphenoid sinus, B= Auditory tube opening. ***A = Sphenoid sinus, B= Auditory tube opening*** - Label **A** clearly points to the **sphenoid sinus**, an air-filled cavity within the sphenoid bone, located posterior to the nasal cavity and inferior to the sella turcica. - Label **B** indicates the opening of the **auditory (Eustachian) tube** in the lateral wall of the nasopharynx, connecting the nasopharynx to the middle ear. *A = Cisterna magna, B= Posterior nasal aperture* - **Cisterna magna** is a subarachnoid space located posterior to the cerebellum and medulla, not visible at this anterior anatomical location. - The **posterior nasal aperture (choana)** is the opening between the nasal cavity and the nasopharynx, which is located more anteriorly and inferiorly relative to point B. *A = Ethmoidal sinus, B= Auditory tube opening* - The **ethmoidal sinuses** are located anterior to the sphenoid sinus, within the ethmoid bone, and would appear more superior and anterior to where A is located. - While B is correctly identified as the auditory tube opening, A is misplaced for the ethmoidal sinus. *A = Sella turcica, B= Posterior nasal aperture* - The **sella turcica** is a saddle-shaped depression in the sphenoid bone, superior to the sphenoid sinus, which houses the pituitary gland. - The **posterior nasal aperture** is incorrect for B, as explained above.

Q: Identify the structure marked as X in the specimen of left cubital fossa

Brachial artery. ***Brachial artery*** - The structure marked X is a prominent, thick-walled vessel consistent with the **brachial artery**, which passes through the cubital fossa. - The brachial artery is typically found medial to the **biceps brachii tendon** and lateral to the **median nerve** in the cubital fossa. *Biceps brachii* - The **biceps brachii** is a muscle, and while its tendon passes through the cubital fossa, the structure marked X is clearly a vessel, not a muscle or tendon. - The biceps brachii muscle is usually much larger and fleshy, not a defined linear structure like X. *Radial recurrent artery* - The **radial recurrent artery** is a smaller branch arising from the radial artery, which subsequently branches off the brachial artery. - It is significantly smaller and less prominent than the structure marked X, which appears to be a main vessel. *Posterior interosseous nerve* - The **posterior interosseous nerve** is a branch of the radial nerve and is primarily a nerve structure, which appears white/yellowish and thinner than the structure marked X, which is a blood vessel. - It typically winds around the neck of the radius and passes into the posterior compartment of the forearm, not usually as prominently displayed within the cubital fossa in this manner.

Q: The following image of posterior abdominal wall and pelvic inlet shows a structure marked as X. Identify it:

Superior hypogastric plexus. ***Superior hypogastric plexus*** - The structure marked 'X' is a prominent plexus of nerves located anterior to the **aortic bifurcation** and sacral promontory, a characteristic position for the superior hypogastric plexus. - This plexus is involved in relaying **sympathetic innervation** to the pelvic viscera. *Ureter* - The ureter is a muscular tube that transports urine from the kidney to the bladder and is typically found running inferiorly and medially, often crossing the **common iliac vessels**. - Its appearance would be more tubular and less spread out than the depicted neural plexus. *Obturator nerve* - The obturator nerve arises from the **lumbar plexus** (L2-L4) and descends through the psoas major muscle, typically entering the lesser pelvis to supply the medial thigh compartment. - It would appear as a distinct nerve, not a broad plexus, and is usually found more laterally relative to **midline structures** in this view. *Genitofemoral nerve* - The genitofemoral nerve (L1, L2) pierces the **psoas major muscle** and soon splits into genital and femoral branches, running on the surface of the psoas. - Its slender, linear appearance and more lateral course differentiate it from the structure shown, which is a broader nerve network.

Q: Which nerve marked as X innervates the Aortic Arch?

Aortic depressor nerve. ***Aortic depressor nerve*** - The nerve marked as X in the diagram directly innervates the **aortic baroreceptors** located in the aortic arch. - This nerve is also known as the **aortic depressor nerve**, a branch of the vagus nerve (CN X), which transmits sensory information about blood pressure from the aortic arch to the central nervous system. *Carotid sinus nerve* - The carotid sinus nerve (also known as Hering's nerve) innervates the **carotid sinus and carotid body**, which are located at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery. - This nerve transmits sensory information from the carotid baroreceptors and chemoreceptors, distinct from the aortic arch. *Inferior cervical cardiac nerve* - The inferior cervical cardiac nerve is a **sympathetic nerve** that originates from the inferior cervical ganglion and innervates the heart. - It does not primarily innervate the aortic arch baroreceptors; its function is related to cardiac rate and contractility. *Superior cervical cardiac nerve* - Similar to the inferior cervical cardiac nerve, the superior cervical cardiac nerve is a **sympathetic nerve** originating from the superior cervical ganglion. - It primarily contributes to the cardiac plexus and innervates the heart, not specifically the aortic arch baroreceptors.

Q: Which of the following is correct about the type of neuron shown below?

Pseudo-unipolar cell. ***Pseudo-unipolar cell*** - The image shows a neuron with a **single process** emerging from the cell body that then **divides into two branches** (one leading to dendrites and the other to the axon terminal), which is characteristic of a pseudo-unipolar neuron. - These neurons are typically found in **sensory ganglia**, such as the dorsal root ganglia, where they transmit sensory information. *Bipolar neuron* - A bipolar neuron has **two distinct processes** extending from the cell body: one axon and one dendrite. - Examples include neurons found in the **retina** and **olfactory epithelium**. *Unipolar cell* - A unipolar neuron has a **single process** extending from the cell body, which serves as both the dendrite and the axon. - These are typically found in **invertebrates**, though the term can sometimes be confusingly used for pseudo-unipolar neurons in some contexts. *All of the above* - This is incorrect because the neuron depicted specifically matches the morphology of a pseudo-unipolar cell, not all the listed types. - Each neuron type has distinct morphological features (number of poles/processes from the cell body).

Q: In the sarcomere diagram shown below, what do the marked areas X and Y represent?

X=H zone, Y=A band. ***X=H zone, Y=A band*** - **X** points to the central region of the A band, visible only in a relaxed sarcomere, which is called the **H zone**, containing only thick myosin filaments. - **Y** encompasses the entire length of the thick filaments, including the regions where they overlap with thin filaments, defining the **A band**. *X=A band, Y=H band* - This is incorrect because X specifically indicates the central, lighter region within the A band, which is the H zone. - Y points to the entire segment occupied by the thick filaments, which is the A band. *X=Z line, Y=M line* - The **Z line** marks the boundaries of a sarcomere, anchoring the thin (actin) filaments, and is not indicated by X. - The **M line** is the central line within the H zone that anchors the thick (myosin) filaments, and is not indicated by Y. *X=M line, Y=Z line* - As explained, X indicates the **H zone**, which is a broader region than the M line. - Y indicates the **A band**, and not the Z line; the Z line is located at the ends of the sarcomere.

Question 1

The area marked as $X$ was selected for gastrostomy. Which of the following statements is incorrect about this area? (Recent NEET Pattern 2016-17)

Accepted Answer

Bounded on left by costal margin

Answer

Bounded on right by inferior border of liver

Answer

Bounded inferiorly by first part of duodenum

Answer

Preferred site for gastrostomy

Question 2

Which of the following blood vessels is Drummond's Artery? (Recent NEET Pattern 2016-17)

Accepted Answer

C

Answer

D

Answer

A

Answer

B

Question 3

Which of the following is correct about the image shown below?

Accepted Answer

A = Sphenoid sinus, B= Auditory tube opening

Answer

A = Cisterna magna, B= Posterior nasal aperture

Answer

A = Ethmoidal sinus, B= Auditory tube opening

Answer

A = Sella turcica, B= Posterior nasal aperture

Question 4

Identify the structure marked as X in the specimen of left cubital fossa

Accepted Answer

Brachial artery

Answer

Biceps brachii

Answer

Radial recurrent artery

Answer

Posterior interosseous nerve

Question 5

The following image of posterior abdominal wall and pelvic inlet shows a structure marked as X. Identify it:

Accepted Answer

Superior hypogastric plexus

Answer

Ureter

Answer

Obturator nerve

Answer

Genitofemoral nerve

Question 6

Which is correct about the markings shown on the left popliteal fossa? (Recent NEET Pattern 2016-17)

Accepted Answer

1 = Popliteal artery, 2= popliteal vein, 3= tibial nerve, 4= Semimembranosus

Answer

1 = Tibial nerve, 2= popliteal vein, 3= popliteal artery, 4= Semitendinosus

Answer

1 = Popliteal artery, 2= popliteal vein, 3= tibial nerve, 4= Semitendinosus

Answer

1 = Tibial nerve, 2= popliteal vein, 3= popliteal artery, 4= Semimembranosus

Question 7

What is incorrect about the shown basement membrane?

Accepted Answer

Only molecules which are larger than 50,000 Daltons can traverse the filtration barrier

Answer

Part of filtration barrier

Answer

Stained with PAS

Answer

It has Lamina Densa and Lamina Rara

Question 8

Which nerve marked as X innervates the Aortic Arch?

Accepted Answer

Aortic depressor nerve

Answer

Carotid sinus nerve

Answer

Inferior cervical cardiac nerve

Answer

Superior cervical cardiac nerve

Question 9

Which of the following is correct about the type of neuron shown below?

Accepted Answer

Pseudo-unipolar cell

Answer

Bipolar neuron

Answer

Unipolar cell

Answer

All of the above

Question 10

In the sarcomere diagram shown below, what do the marked areas X and Y represent?

Accepted Answer

X=H zone, Y=A band

Answer

X=A band, Y=H band

Answer

X=Z line, Y=M line

Answer

X=M line, Y=Z line

NEET-PG 2017 — Anatomy