NEET-PG 2015 Practice Questions

Q: Extensor carpi radialis longus is

Extensor and radial deviator of the wrist. ***Extensor and radial deviator of the wrist*** - The **extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL)** is one of the primary muscles responsible for **extension of the wrist**. [1] - Due to its anatomical position on the radial side of the forearm, it also contributes significantly to **radial deviation** (abduction) of the wrist. [1] *Weak extensor of the wrist* - While it is an extensor, the ECRL is considered a **strong extensor** of the wrist, especially when acting with other extensors like the Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis (ECRB). [1] - Its strength is crucial for tasks requiring **grip and wrist stabilization**. *Extensor and ulnar deviator of the wrist* - The ECRL performs wrist extension but causes **radial deviation**, not ulnar deviation. [1] - **Ulnar deviation** is primarily performed by the **extensor carpi ulnaris** and **flexor carpi ulnaris**. *Injured in Posterior interosseous nerve injury* - The ECRL is innervated by the **radial nerve** **before** it divides into the superficial and deep (posterior interosseous) branches. [2] - Therefore, ECRL function is typically **spared in isolated posterior interosseous nerve injuries**, which mainly affect muscles in the deep compartment of the posterior forearm. [2]

Q: Disinfection of urine is which type of disinfection ?

Concurrent. ***Concurrent*** - **Concurrent disinfection** refers to the immediate disinfection of infectious materials and objects **as soon as they are discharged** from the body of an infected person. - Disinfection of **body excretions** (urine, feces, sputum) and articles contaminated by them is done **promptly after they are voided**, making it concurrent disinfection. - In the context of urine from infected patients, it should be disinfected **immediately after collection** to prevent spread of infection. *Terminal* - **Terminal disinfection** is performed **after the patient has been discharged, died, or is no longer infectious**. - It involves thorough cleaning and disinfection of the **room, furniture, and environment** that the patient occupied. - Terminal disinfection is not the routine disinfection of body excretions, but rather the final cleaning of the patient's surroundings. *Preconcurrent* - **"Preconcurrent"** is not a standard or recognized term in the classification of disinfection types. - This option does not describe a method or timing of disinfection that is medically or scientifically established. *Precurrent* - Similar to "preconcurrent," **"precurrent"** is not a recognized category or term used to describe a type of disinfection process. - The standard classifications include **concurrent, terminal, and prophylactic disinfection**.

Q: Prosopagnosia is:

Inability to recognize face. ***Inability to recognize face*** - **Prosopagnosia**, or **face blindness**, is a cognitive disorder characterized by an impaired ability to recognize familiar faces, including one's own. - This condition is often associated with damage to the **fusiform face area** in the brain, typically in the right hemisphere. *Inability to read* - The inability to read is known as **alexia** or **dyslexia**, which is distinct from the visual recognition deficit seen in prosopagnosia. - Alexia primarily involves difficulties with processing written language, not the visual recognition of faces. *Anosmia* - **Anosmia** refers to the complete or partial loss of the sense of smell and is a disorder affecting the olfactory system. - It is unrelated to visual processing or face recognition. *Inability to write* - The inability to write is termed **agraphia** or **dysgraphia**, a neurological condition that impairs writing ability. - This condition affects motor skills and language processing related to writing, not visual face recognition.

Q: Weil felix reaction for Scrub typhus shows positivity for -

OX-K. ***Correct Answer: OX-K*** - The **Weil-Felix reaction** for Scrub typhus specifically detects antibodies against the **OX-K antigen**, which is derived from *Proteus mirabilis* but shares antigenic determinants with *Orientia tsutsugamushi* (causative agent of Scrub typhus). - A positive **OX-K** reaction indicates the presence of these antibodies, suggesting an active or recent infection with **Scrub typhus**. - This is the **characteristic and specific finding** for Scrub typhus in the Weil-Felix test. *Incorrect: OX-19* - This antigen is used to detect **epidemic typhus** (*Rickettsia prowazekii*) and **murine typhus** (*Rickettsia typhi*) in the Weil-Felix reaction. - It does not show significant cross-reactivity with *Orientia tsutsugamushi*, the causative agent of Scrub typhus. - Would be **negative** in Scrub typhus cases. *Incorrect: OX-2* - The **OX-2 antigen** is primarily used to detect **spotted fever group rickettsiae**, such as *Rickettsia rickettsii* (Rocky Mountain spotted fever). - It is **not relevant** for the diagnosis of Scrub typhus and would typically show a negative result in such cases. *Incorrect: OXK + OX19* - While both antigens are part of the Weil-Felix reaction panel, positivity for **OX-K alone** is characteristic of Scrub typhus. - **OX-19 positivity** points to epidemic or murine typhus, which are different rickettsial diseases. - This combination is not the typical pattern for Scrub typhus.

Q: Which of the following drugs can cause hypertrophic pyloric stenosis?

Erythromycin. ***Erythromycin*** - **Erythromycin** use in infants, particularly during the first few weeks of life, has been associated with an increased risk of developing **hypertrophic pyloric stenosis**. - The mechanism is believed to involve the drug's properties as a **motilin receptor agonist**, which may affect the development or function of the pyloric sphincter. *Nifedipine* - **Nifedipine** is a calcium channel blocker primarily used for cardiovascular conditions like hypertension and angina. - It works by relaxing smooth muscles and is not linked to the development of **pyloric stenosis**. *Vancomycin* - **Vancomycin** is an antibiotic used for severe bacterial infections, particularly against Gram-positive bacteria. - It is not associated with the development of **hypertrophic pyloric stenosis**. *Phenylpropanolamine* - **Phenylpropanolamine** is a sympathomimetic drug previously used as a decongestant and anorectic. - It primarily affects alpha-adrenergic receptors and has no established link to **pyloric stenosis**.

Q: Sexual gratification by inflicting pain on partner -

Sadism. ***Sadism*** - **Sadism** is a paraphilia defined by the achievement of **sexual gratification** through the act of inflicting physical or psychological **pain, suffering, or humiliation** on another person. - The inflicted pain is an essential component for the individual with sadism to experience **sexual arousal** and pleasure. *Necrophilia* - **Necrophilia** is a paraphilia characterized by sexual attraction to or sexual acts with **corpses**. - This involves sexual contact with deceased individuals, not the infliction of pain on a living partner. *Bestiality* - **Bestiality** refers to sexual activity or attraction between a human and an **animal**. - This paraphilia involves animals and does not relate to inflicting pain on a human partner. *Sodomy* - Historically, **sodomy** has been used as a legal term to refer to "unnatural carnal copulation" and often specifically to **anal intercourse** or oral sex. - While it can be non-consensual in some contexts, it primarily refers to specific sexual acts and not necessarily the infliction of pain for sexual gratification by default, as covered by sadism.

Q: All of the following are true about congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis except

Metabolic acidosis occurs. ***Metabolic acidosis occurs*** - Due to persistent **vomiting** from pyloric stenosis, there is a significant loss of **hydrochloric acid (HCl)** from the stomach. - This loss of gastric acid leads to **hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis** rather than acidosis. *More common in males* - **Pyloric stenosis** has a clear male predominance, with a male-to-female ratio of about 4:1. - This gender disparity is a well-established epidemiological feature of the condition. *RamStedt Pyloromyotomy is the treatment of choice* - The **Ramstedt pyloromyotomy** is the definitive surgical procedure for congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. - This procedure involves incising the hypertrophied muscle of the pylorus while leaving the mucosa intact, thus relieving the obstruction. *Non Bilious vomiting is seen* - The vomiting in pyloric stenosis is typically **non-bilious** because the obstruction is proximal to the **ampulla of Vater**, where bile enters the duodenum. - Vomiting usually occurs forcefully (projectile) after feeding.

Question 1

Extensor carpi radialis longus is

Accepted Answer

Extensor and radial deviator of the wrist

Answer

Weak extensor of the wrist

Answer

Extensor and ulnar deviator of the wrist

Answer

Injured in Posterior interosseous nerve injury

Question 2

Disinfection of urine is which type of disinfection ?

Accepted Answer

Concurrent

Answer

Terminal

Answer

Preconcurrent

Answer

Precurrent

Question 3

Prosopagnosia is:

Accepted Answer

Inability to recognize face

Answer

Inability to read

Answer

Anosmia

Answer

Inability to write

Question 4

Weil felix reaction for Scrub typhus shows positivity for -

Accepted Answer

OX-K

Answer

OX-19

Answer

OX-2

Answer

OXK + OX19

Question 5

Which of the following drugs can cause hypertrophic pyloric stenosis?

Accepted Answer

Erythromycin

Answer

Nifedipine

Answer

Vancomycin

Answer

Phenyl propanolamine

Question 6

Sexual gratification by inflicting pain on partner -

Accepted Answer

Sadism

Answer

Necrophilia

Answer

Bestiality

Answer

Sodomy

Question 7

All of the following are true about congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis except

Accepted Answer

Metabolic acidosis occurs

Answer

More common in males

Answer

RamStedt Pyloromyotomy is the treatment of choice

Answer

Non Bilious vomiting is seen

NEET-PG 2015

Anatomy

Community Medicine

Internal Medicine

Microbiology

Pharmacology

Psychiatry

Surgery