NEET-PG 2013 - Forensic Medicine Practice Questions

Q: In sexual assault of a child, the hymen is usually not ruptured due to:

Deep seated. ***Deep seated*** - In prepubertal children, the hymen is **deep-seated within the vaginal orifice**, positioned well inside the vaginal opening - This anatomical location provides **natural protection** from external trauma - The deep position means that superficial contact may not reach the hymenal tissue - This is the **classical forensic medicine teaching** regarding preservation of hymen in child sexual assault cases *Incorrect: Distensible* - While the child's hymen is indeed elastic and distensible (which also contributes to non-rupture), this is not the primary reason cited in forensic literature - Distensibility is a secondary protective factor *Incorrect: Too tough to rupture* - The prepubertal hymen is **not particularly tough or thick** - In fact, it is relatively thin and delicate compared to post-pubertal hymen - Toughness is not the protective mechanism *Incorrect: Underdeveloped* - The hymen is present and developed in children, just positioned differently - "Underdeveloped" does not explain the protection from rupture - The issue is **anatomical position**, not developmental status

Q: Percentage of COHb that usually causes death:

> 80%. ***> 80%*** - While significant symptoms occur at lower levels, **COHb levels above 80%** typically cause profound central nervous system depression leading to **cardiac arrest and death**. - This level indicates almost complete displacement of oxygen from hemoglobin, leading to severe **tissue hypoxia**. *> 70%* - At **COHb levels above 70%**, individuals are often in a **coma**, experiencing severe **cardiac dysfunction** and respiratory failure. - Death is highly probable at this level, though it is not the universally accepted threshold for lethality as higher percentages are more definitive for causing death. *> 60%* - At **COHb levels above 60%**, patients typically experience **coma, convulsions**, and significant **cardiovascular compromise**. - While extremely dangerous and often fatal, **COHb levels above 80%** are more reliably associated with death. *> 50%* - At **COHb levels above 50%**, individuals often experience **coma, seizures**, and severe **metabolic acidosis**. - While critical and life-threatening, death is less common at this percentage compared to those above 70% or 80%, as aggressive medical intervention may still be effective.

Q: Plaintiff is a person who:

Files a case in civil court. ***Files a case in civil court*** - A **plaintiff** is the party who initiates a lawsuit (a civil case) before a court. - They are the party seeking **legal remedy** or damages from another party (the defendant). *Gives judgment* - The act of "giving judgment" is reserved for the **judge** or the **court**, not a plaintiff. - A judge presides over legal proceedings and **makes legal determinations**. *Acts as defender* - The party against whom a lawsuit is brought is called the **defendant**, not the plaintiff. - A defender's role is to **contest the claims** made by the plaintiff. *Same as public prosecutor* - A **public prosecutor** represents the state or government in criminal proceedings, initiating charges against individuals for alleged crimes. - A **plaintiff** initiates civil actions between private parties, seeking compensation or other civil remedies, not criminal conviction.

Q: In civil cases, conduct money is decided by:

Judge. ***Judge*** - In legal proceedings, the **Judge** holds the authority to determine and order the amount of **conduct money** to be paid. - **Conduct money** is an allowance paid to a witness for their reasonable travel expenses and loss of earnings incurred due to attending court. *Doctor* - A **doctor's** role is primarily focused on medical assessment and treatment, and they have no authority over legal financial matters like **conduct money**. - While a doctor might be a witness, they do not decide the compensation for their own or other witnesses' attendance. *Witness* - A **witness** is an individual who provides testimony or evidence in court and is typically the recipient of **conduct money**, not the decider. - They can submit claims for expenses, but the final decision on the amount rests with the court. *Lawyer* - A **lawyer** represents clients and can advise on legal matters, including the right to claim **conduct money**, but they do not make the final determination. - The lawyer's role is to advocate for their client's interests, which might include seeking an order for **conduct money** from the court.

Q: Acrodynia, or Pink disease, occurs in poisoning with which of the following substances?

Mercury. ***Mercury*** - **Acrodynia**, also known as **Pink disease**, is a rare and severe form of **mercury poisoning**, primarily affecting infants and young children. - Key symptoms include **pinkish-red rash** on the hands and feet, hypertension, irritability, profuse sweating, and muscle weakness. *Lead* - **Lead poisoning** typically presents with symptoms such as **abdominal pain**, constipation, developmental delay, and a **lead line on the gums**. - It does not cause the characteristic rash or other symptoms associated with acrodynia. *Thallium* - **Thallium poisoning** is known for causing **hair loss (alopecia)**, excruciating neuropathic pain, gastrointestinal disturbances, and neurological symptoms. - While it is a neurotoxic heavy metal, its clinical picture is distinct from acrodynia. *Arsenic* - **Arsenic poisoning** can manifest with dermatological signs like **hyperpigmentation** and **hyperkeratosis**, as well as gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms. - It does not produce the pinkish rash, irritability, or hypertension typical of acrodynia.

Q: Bansdola is a form of strangulation by?

Sticks. ***Sticks*** - **Bansdola** is a specific term referring to a method of **strangulation using sticks** (typically bamboo). - This technique involves placing sticks on either side of the neck and twisting them together to occlude the airway and blood vessels. - The term comes from "bans" meaning bamboo in Hindi/Urdu. *Bend of elbow* - Strangulation by the **bend of the elbow** is not typically referred to as Bansdola. - This method would be a form of **manual strangulation** using a specific body part to compress the neck. *Hands* - Strangulation by **hands** is known as **manual strangulation** or **throttling**. - This involves direct compression of the neck structures using the fingers and thumbs, distinct from the stick-based method of Bansdola. *Ligature* - **Ligature strangulation** involves using a cord, rope, or other flexible material to constrict the neck. - While both methods use implements, the rigid nature of sticks in Bansdola differentiates it from flexible ligature materials.

Q: Poisoning with which of the following retards putrefaction:

Arsenic. ***Arsenic*** - **Arsenic** is a known **preservative** of tissues due to its ability to inhibit bacterial growth and enzyme activity, thereby retarding putrefaction. - In cases of arsenic poisoning, the decomposition of a body may be noticeably slower, and the tissues can appear unusually well-preserved. *Lead* - While **lead** is a heavy metal and can have toxic effects, it is not primarily known for its ability to significantly **retard putrefaction**. - Its toxic mechanisms do not involve direct inhibition of bacterial and enzymatic processes in a way that typically preserves tissues post-mortem. *Aluminium phosphide* - **Aluminium phosphide** is a highly toxic pesticide that can cause rapid death, but it does not have properties that actively **retard the process of putrefaction**. - Its mechanism of toxicity primarily involves the release of phosphine gas, which causes cellular damage, rather than tissue preservation. *Copper* - **Copper**, another heavy metal, has antimicrobial properties but is not recognized as an agent that significantly **retards putrefaction** in the same manner as arsenic. - Its acute and chronic toxic effects do not typically lead to the preservation of tissues after death.

Q: Rule of Hasse is used to determine:

Fetal age estimation. ***Fetal age estimation*** - **Rule of Hasse** is specifically used for estimating the **fetal age** in forensic cases involving remains of an unborn fetus. - It relates the crown-heel length of the fetus in centimeters to its age in lunar months (first 5 lunar months) or halves of lunar months (second 5 lunar months). *Adult height measurement* - Adult height is typically measured directly or estimated using long bone lengths, an entirely different set of methods from Hasse's Rule. - This rule is specific to the **developing fetus** and not applicable to adults. *Determination of ethnicity* - Ethnicity determination involves analyzing skeletal features, particularly of the skull and pelvis, and is not related to fetal length or age estimation. - Hasse's Rule provides an age estimate based on size, not ancestral origin. *General forensic identification* - While forensic identification is a broad field, Hasse's Rule is a very specific tool for **fetal age assessment**, not general adult identification. - General forensic identification involves techniques like DNA analysis, fingerprinting, and skeletal remains analysis for adults.

Q: Graze is a form of:

Abrasion. ***Abrasion*** - A graze is a superficial injury resulting from friction against a rough surface, which is the definition of an **abrasion**. - It involves the **epidermis** and possibly the superficial dermis, characterized by scraping or rubbing off the skin's surface. *Contusion* - A contusion, or **bruise**, involves damage to blood vessels beneath the skin but without a break in the skin's surface. - It presents as discoloration due to blood extravasation, rather than a scraping injury. *Incised wound* - An incised wound is a **clean-cut injury** caused by a sharp object, leading to smooth edges and often significant bleeding. - It typically goes deeper than an abrasion and is not characterized by the scraping motion associated with a graze. *Lacerated wound* - A lacerated wound is an **irregular, jagged tear** in the skin caused by a blunt force trauma, often involving crushing or stretching of tissues. - Unlike a graze, it involves a deep, irregular tear and is not caused by superficial friction.

Q: In a case of hanging, ligature mark is an example of:

Pressure abrasion. ***Pressure abrasion*** - A ligature mark in hanging is a classic example of a **pressure abrasion**, caused by the skin being rubbed or pressed against the ligature material. - This friction or pressure removes the superficial layers of the epidermis, creating a mark that reflects the shape and texture of the ligature. *Laceration* - A **laceration** is a tear in the skin caused by a forceful blunt impact, often characterized by irregular, jagged edges. - Ligature marks are typically superficial and linear, not deep tears into the tissue. *Burn* - A **burn** is tissue damage caused by heat, electricity, chemicals, or radiation, leading to erythema, blistering, or charring. - While extreme friction could theoretically generate some heat, the primary mechanism of a ligature mark is mechanical pressure and friction, not thermal energy. *Contusion* - A **contusion**, or bruise, results from bleeding into the tissues due to blunt force trauma, without breaking the skin. - While there may be some underlying bruising associated with a ligature mark, the visible mark itself on the skin surface is an abrasion.

Question 1

In sexual assault of a child, the hymen is usually not ruptured due to:

Accepted Answer

Deep seated

Answer

Distensible

Answer

Too tough to rupture

Answer

Underdeveloped

Question 2

Percentage of COHb that usually causes death:

Accepted Answer

> 80%

Answer

> 70%

Answer

> 60%

Answer

> 50%

Question 3

Plaintiff is a person who:

Accepted Answer

Files a case in civil court

Answer

Gives judgment

Answer

Acts as defender

Answer

Same as public prosecutor

Question 4

In civil cases, conduct money is decided by:

Accepted Answer

Judge

Answer

Doctor

Answer

Witness

Answer

Lawyer

Question 5

Acrodynia, or Pink disease, occurs in poisoning with which of the following substances?

Accepted Answer

Mercury

Answer

Lead

Answer

Thallium

Answer

Arsenic

Question 6

Bansdola is a form of strangulation by?

Accepted Answer

Sticks

Answer

Bend of elbow

Answer

Hands

Answer

Ligature

Question 7

Poisoning with which of the following retards putrefaction:

Accepted Answer

Arsenic

Answer

Lead

Answer

Aluminium phosphide

Answer

Copper

Question 8

Rule of Hasse is used to determine:

Accepted Answer

Fetal age estimation

Answer

Adult height measurement

Answer

Determination of ethnicity

Answer

General forensic identification

Question 9

Graze is a form of:

Accepted Answer

Abrasion

Answer

Contusion

Answer

Incised wound

Answer

Lacerated wound

Question 10

In a case of hanging, ligature mark is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Pressure abrasion

Answer

Laceration

Answer

Burn

Answer

Contusion

NEET-PG 2013 — Forensic Medicine