NEET-PG 2012 - Anatomy Practice Questions

Q: Which structure is located immediately posterior to the head of the pancreas?

Portal vein. ***Portal vein*** - The **portal vein** is formed by the union of the **splenic vein** and the **superior mesenteric vein** (SMV) posterior to the **neck** of the pancreas [1]. - It then runs in a **groove on the posterior surface** of the head of the pancreas, lying anterior to the **inferior vena cava** (IVC). - Among the given options, the portal vein has the most direct posterior relationship to the head of the pancreas. *Splenic artery* - The **splenic artery** runs along the **superior border** of the pancreas, following its body and tail. - It does not lie posterior to the head of the pancreas. - It is a branch of the **celiac trunk** and supplies the spleen. *Inferior mesenteric vein* - The **inferior mesenteric vein** typically drains into the **splenic vein** or the junction of the splenic and superior mesenteric veins. - It ascends **anterior** to the left kidney and does not lie immediately posterior to the head of the pancreas. *Coeliac trunk* - The **celiac trunk** originates from the **abdominal aorta** at the level of T12-L1 vertebra. - It lies **superior and anterior** to the pancreas, giving off the splenic artery, common hepatic artery, and left gastric artery. - It is not located posterior to the head of the pancreas.

Q: Ophthalmic artery is a branch of:

Cerebral part of ICA. ***Cerebral part of ICA*** - The **ophthalmic artery** is typically the first major branch off the **internal carotid artery (ICA)** once it exits the cavernous sinus and enters the cranial cavity. - This segment of the ICA is also known as the supraclinoid or **cerebral part**, underscoring its proximity to the brain. *Cavernous part of ICA* - The **cavernous part of the ICA** is located within the cavernous sinus and typically gives off smaller branches such as the **meningohypophyseal trunk** and the **inferolateral trunk**, which supply structures within and around the sinus. - The ophthalmic artery emerges after the ICA exits the cavernous sinus, not from within it. *MCA* - The **middle cerebral artery (MCA)** is a major terminal branch of the internal carotid artery, supplying large parts of the cerebrum. - It does not give rise to the ophthalmic artery, which branches off the ICA before the ICA bifurcates into the MCA and anterior cerebral artery. *Facial artery* - The **facial artery** is a branch of the **external carotid artery**, supplying structures of the face. - The ophthalmic artery is a primary supply to the orbit and is derived from the internal carotid artery, a completely separate vascular system.

Q: Sensory supply of the palm is from which nerves?

Ulnar nerve and Median nerve. **Ulnar nerve and Median nerve** *(Correct)* - The **median nerve** provides sensory innervation to the lateral palm, including the thumb, index, middle, and radial half of the ring finger [1]. - The **ulnar nerve** supplies sensory innervation to the medial palm, including the little finger and the ulnar half of the ring finger [1]. - Together, these two nerves provide complete sensory coverage of the palm [1]. *Median nerve and Radial nerve* (Incorrect) - While the **median nerve** innervates a significant portion of the palm, the **radial nerve** primarily supplies the dorsal aspect of the hand and a small area of the thenar eminence, not the entire palm. - The radial nerve's sensory supply to the palm is usually limited to a very small area at the base of the thumb. - This combination does not provide complete palmar sensory coverage. *Radial nerve and ulnar nerve* (Incorrect) - The **radial nerve** mainly supplies the dorsum of the hand and digits, with minimal palmar contribution, making this option incorrect for primary palmar sensory supply. - The **ulnar nerve** does innervate part of the palm, but the combination with the radial nerve for complete palmar supply is inaccurate. - The median nerve, not the radial nerve, is the other major contributor to palmar sensation. *Musculocutaneous nerve and Radial nerve* (Incorrect) - The **musculocutaneous nerve** primarily innervates the lateral aspect of the forearm (as the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve) and does not contribute to the sensory supply of the palm. - The **radial nerve** also has a limited role in palmar sensation. - Neither of these nerves provides significant sensory innervation to the palm.

Q: Which of the following is not the part of ethmoid bone?

Inferior turbinate. ***Inferior turbinate*** - The **inferior turbinate** (or inferior nasal concha) is a separate paired facial bone, distinct from the ethmoid bone. - It articulates with the maxilla, lacrimal, palatine, and ethmoid bones but is not a component of the ethmoid. *Agger nasi* - The **agger nasi** is an anatomical variant, an anterior expansion of the ethmoid air cells, and is thus functionally part of the ethmoid complex. - While not a distinct bone, it is an **ethmoid cell** that can be found in the anterior aspect of the middle meatus. *Crista galli* - The **crista galli** is a prominent, upward projection from the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone, serving as an attachment point for the falx cerebri. - It is an integral and easily recognizable part of the **ethmoid bone**. *Uncinate process* - The **uncinate process** is a sickle-shaped bony projection that arises from the inferior aspect of the ethmoid bone. - It forms the anterior boundary of the **hiatus semilunaris** and is crucial for the drainage of the frontal and maxillary sinuses.

Q: Primary and secondary palates are divided by

Incisive foramen. ***Incisive foramen*** - The **incisive foramen** is an anatomical landmark located just posterior to the central incisors, and it marks the boundary between the developmentally distinct primary and secondary palates. - The **primary palate** develops from the median palatine process, while the **secondary palate** develops from the palatal shelves of the maxillary prominences [1]. *Greater palatine foramen* - The **greater palatine foramen** is located near the posterior border of the hard palate, transmitting the greater palatine nerve and vessels. - It lies within the **secondary palate** and does not delineate the boundary between the primary and secondary palatal structures. *Canine teeth* - The **canine teeth** are part of the dental arch and play a role in mastication. - While located in the anterior part of the oral cavity, they are not a developmental or anatomical boundary marker for palatal divisions [1]. *Alveolar arch* - The **alveolar arch** is the bone that supports the teeth, forming the curved ridge of the maxilla and mandible [1]. - It is distinct from the palate and does not serve as a divider between the primary and secondary palatal components.

Q: Which structure is not seen at the L3 level?

Coeliac trunk. ***Coeliac trunk*** - The **coeliac trunk** typically arises from the abdominal **aorta** at the level of **T12-L1**, which is significantly higher than L3. - It then immediately branches into the **left gastric**, **splenic**, and **common hepatic arteries** to supply foregut structures. *Iliac vessels* - The **common iliac arteries** and veins typically bifurcate from the **aorta** and **IVC** around the L4-L5 level. - Their presence, or the start of their formation, can be observed near or just above **L3**, depending on individual anatomical variation and how "at the L3 level" is interpreted (e.g., within the L3 vertebral body's span). *Aorta* - The **abdominal aorta** descends along the posterior abdominal wall and is a prominent structure at the **L3 level**. - It typically bifurcates into the common iliac arteries at the level of **L4**, meaning it is still a large, undivided vessel at L3. *IVC* - The **inferior vena cava (IVC)** ascends through the abdomen and is a significant vascular structure at the **L3 level**. - It is formed by the union of the common iliac veins at the level of **L5** and continues superiorly.

Q: What is the anatomical significance of the Rhinion in relation to the osseocartilaginous junction?

Rhinion. ***Correct Answer: Rhinion*** - The **rhinion** is the **most prominent anterior point of the nasal bone**, often palpable as a slight bump or angulation on the dorsum of the nose. - It marks the anatomical location of the **osseocartilaginous junction** of the nasal dorsum, where the bony nasal framework transitions to the cartilaginous framework. - This is the key anatomical landmark that defines the transition from bone to cartilage in the external nose. *Incorrect: Nasion* - The **nasion** is located at the **root of the nose**, specifically at the most anterior and superior point of the nasofrontal suture. - It is a bony landmark and does not directly relate to the osseocartilaginous junction of the nasal dorsum. *Incorrect: Radix* - The **radix** (or nasal root) refers to the **uppermost part of the nose**, corresponding to the nasion. - It defines the point where the nose begins to project from the forehead and is a bony landmark, not directly related to the osseocartilaginous junction. *Incorrect: Columella* - The **columella** is the **fleshy, narrow strip of tissue that separates the nostrils**. - It forms the inferior segment of the nasal septum and is composed of skin, soft tissue, and the medial crura of the alar cartilages, thus having no direct relation to the osseocartilaginous junction of the nasal dorsum.

Q: Primordial germ cells are derived from:

Yolk sac. ***Yolk sac*** - **Primordial germ cells (PGCs)** arise from **epiblast** cells but are first identifiable in the wall of the **yolk sac** during the **3rd week** of development. - From the yolk sac, they migrate during the **4th-6th week** through the dorsal mesentery to reach the developing **genital ridges** (gonads) where they form **gametes** [2]. - The yolk sac is considered the site where PGCs are recognized and begin their journey to the gonads. *Neural crest* - Neural crest cells are multipotent cells that migrate to various locations and differentiate into structures like **neurons**, **glial cells**, **melanocytes**, and **facial cartilage**, not germ cells. - They arise from the dorsal part of the **neural tube** during neurulation. *Genital ridge* - The genital ridge is the embryonic structure that develops into the **gonads** (testes or ovaries) [1]. - Primordial germ cells migrate *to* the genital ridge, but they do not originate *from* it — it is their destination, not their source. *Somatopleuritic mesoderm* - **Somatopleuritic mesoderm** (somatic mesoderm) forms the **parietal layer** of serous membranes, the dermis of the body wall, and the skeletal elements of the limbs. - It does not give rise to **primordial germ cells**.

Q: Pituicytes are seen in ?

Posterior lobe. ***Posterior lobe*** - **Pituicytes** are specialized glial cells found exclusively in the **posterior pituitary** (neurohypophysis). [1] - They provide structural support and regulation for the nerve terminals that release **antidiuretic hormone (ADH)** and **oxytocin**. [1] *Anterior lobe* - The anterior pituitary, or **adenohypophysis**, consists of glandular epithelial cells that synthesize and secrete various hormones. [2] - It does not contain pituicytes, which are glial cells. [2] *Intermediate lobe* - The intermediate lobe is a rudimentary part of the pituitary gland in humans, primarily producing **melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)**. [1] - While it is part of the pituitary, it does not contain pituicytes. *All of the options* - Pituicytes are specific to the posterior pituitary, so they are not found in all parts of the gland. - Different lobes of the pituitary gland have distinct cellular compositions and functions.

Q: The thoracic duct crosses from the right to the left at the level of

T4-T5 vertebra. ***T4-T5 vertebra*** - The **thoracic duct** crosses from the right to the left side of the vertebral column at the level of the **T4-T5 vertebrae**, specifically just above the root of the left lung. - This crossover is an important anatomical landmark as it signifies the duct's ascent towards the neck to drain into the left subclavian vein. *T12 vertebra* - The **thoracic duct** originates from the **cisterna chyli** at the level of the L1 or L2 vertebra and ascends into the thorax at or below the T12 vertebra, it does not cross over at this level. - This level primarily marks its entry into the thoracic cavity, not its main crossover point. *T6 vertebra* - While the **thoracic duct** is present in the thorax at this level, it does not undergo its characteristic crossover from right to left at the T6 vertebra. - The duct continues its ascent along the right side of the vertebral column before moving across. *T2 vertebra* - By the level of the T2 vertebra, the **thoracic duct** has already crossed to the left side of the vertebral column and is ascending towards its termination in the neck. - The crossover event occurs more inferiorly, at the T4-T5 level.

Question 1

Which structure is located immediately posterior to the head of the pancreas?

Accepted Answer

Portal vein

Answer

Splenic artery

Answer

Inferior mesenteric vein

Answer

Coeliac trunk

Question 2

Ophthalmic artery is a branch of:

Accepted Answer

Cerebral part of ICA

Answer

Cavernous part of ICA

Answer

MCA

Answer

Facial artery

Question 3

Sensory supply of the palm is from which nerves?

Accepted Answer

Ulnar nerve and Median nerve

Answer

Median nerve and Radial nerve

Answer

Radial nerve and ulnar nerve

Answer

Musculocutaneous nerve and Radial nerve

Question 4

Which of the following is not the part of ethmoid bone?

Accepted Answer

Inferior turbinate

Answer

Agger nasi

Answer

Crista galli

Answer

Uncinate process

Question 5

Primary and secondary palates are divided by

Accepted Answer

Incisive foramen

Answer

Greater palatine foramen

Answer

Canine teeth

Answer

Alveolar arch

Question 6

Which structure is not seen at the L3 level?

Accepted Answer

Coeliac trunk

Answer

Iliac vessels

Answer

Aorta

Answer

IVC

Question 7

What is the anatomical significance of the Rhinion in relation to the osseocartilaginous junction?

Accepted Answer

Rhinion

Answer

Nasion

Answer

Radix

Answer

Columella

Question 8

Primordial germ cells are derived from:

Accepted Answer

Yolk sac

Answer

Neural crest

Answer

Genital ridge

Answer

Somatopleuritic mesoderm

Question 9

Pituicytes are seen in ?

Accepted Answer

Posterior lobe

Answer

Anterior lobe

Answer

Intermediate lobe

Answer

All of the options

Question 10

The thoracic duct crosses from the right to the left at the level of

Accepted Answer

T4-T5 vertebra

Answer

T12 vertebra

Answer

T2 vertebra

Answer

T6 vertebra

NEET-PG 2012 — Anatomy