INI-CET 2022 Practice Questions

Q: Froment's sign (book test) is used to assess the function of adductor pollicis. Which of the following nerves supplies this muscle?

Ulnar nerve. The adductor pollicis muscle is primarily innervated by the deep branch of the ulnar nerve [1]. This muscle is crucial for thumb adduction, and its function is assessed by the Froment's sign (often referred to as the book test) to detect ulnar nerve palsy. The radial nerve primarily innervates the muscles of the posterior compartment of the arm and forearm, responsible for wrist and finger extension [1]. It does not supply any intrinsic muscles of the hand, including the adductor pollicis [1]. The posterior interosseous nerve is a terminal branch of the deep radial nerve, supplying most of the extensors in the forearm [1]. It does not innervate any of the intrinsic hand muscles. The median nerve innervates most of the flexors of the forearm and the thenar muscles of the hand (abductor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis, and superficial head of flexor pollicis brevis) [1]. It does not supply the adductor pollicis muscle; median nerve palsy would affect thumb opposition and abduction, not adduction [1].

Q: Under the Anaemia Mukt Bharath initiative, mild to moderate anaemia in pregnant women <34 weeks of gestation is treated using:

1-2 IFA tablets daily (depending on severity). ***1-2 IFA tablets daily (depending on severity)*** - The **Anaemia Mukt Bharat (AMB)** guidelines recommend **oral iron and folic acid (IFA)** supplementation as the primary treatment for mild to moderate anaemia in pregnant women <34 weeks gestation. - **Mild anaemia (Hb 10-10.9 g/dL):** 1 IFA tablet daily (100 mg elemental iron + 500 mcg folic acid) - **Moderate anaemia (Hb 7-9.9 g/dL):** 2 IFA tablets twice daily (total 200 mg elemental iron per day) - Oral IFA is safe, cost-effective, and addresses the underlying nutritional deficiency. *IM ferric carboxy maltose (FCM)* - **Intramuscular (IM) iron** formulations like FCM are generally reserved for cases of severe anaemia, malabsorption, or intolerance to oral iron. - For mild to moderate anaemia, IM iron is not the **first-line treatment** under AMB guidelines due to potential injection site reactions and the effectiveness of oral alternatives. *IV iron sucrose for non-compliance with oral tablets* - **Intravenous (IV) iron sucrose** is indicated for specific situations such as severe anaemia (Hb <7 g/dL), significant malabsorption, documented intolerance, or persistent non-compliance with oral iron. - However, for mild to moderate anaemia, efforts are made to ensure compliance with oral treatment before resorting to **parenteral iron**, particularly given its higher cost and need for administration in a healthcare setting. *2 iron and folic acid tablets OD+IV iron sucrose* - Combining **oral iron tablets with IV iron sucrose** is not recommended for mild to moderate anaemia under AMB guidelines. - This approach would be considered **overtreatment** for mild to moderate anaemia in the absence of severe anaemia or documented failure of oral therapy despite good compliance.

Q: What is the age group distribution for vulval cancer?

Both age groups (35-55 and 65-85 years). ***Both age groups (35-55 and 65-85 years)*** - Vulval cancer demonstrates a **bimodal age distribution**, meaning it presents with two distinct peaks of incidence. - The first peak occurs in younger women, typically aged **35-55 years**, often associated with **HPV infection** and vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN). - The second peak is seen in older women, aged **65-85 years**, where the disease is more commonly linked to **chronic inflammatory conditions** such as lichen sclerosus, often without HPV involvement. - This bimodal pattern reflects the **two distinct pathogenic pathways** of vulval cancer: HPV-related and non-HPV-related disease. *65-85 years* - While this age group represents a significant peak of vulval cancer incidence, particularly in cases **unrelated to HPV**, it does not encompass the entire distribution. - Focusing solely on this age range would **miss cases occurring in younger women**, which are increasingly recognized due to HPV-related disease. *35-55 years* - This age group does indeed represent a distinct peak for vulval cancer, especially in cases linked to **Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection**. - However, ignoring the incidence in older women would provide an **incomplete understanding** of the disease's overall epidemiology. *Not age specific* - Vulval cancer is definitely **age-specific** with distinct age group distributions. - The incidence is **not uniformly distributed** across all ages but rather shows an increased likelihood within specific age ranges, demonstrating clear bimodal peaks.

Q: A child presents with poor growth and swelling at joints. A radiograph of his wrist is given below. Lab investigations reveal serum ALP levels of >1500. What is the possible diagnosis?

Rickets. ***Rickets*** - The combination of **poor growth**, **joint swelling**, and **elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALP)** in a child strongly indicates rickets, a condition of defective bone mineralization in growing bones. - The radiograph of the wrist would likely show typical findings like **widened growth plates**, **fraying** and **cupping of metaphyses**, and **decreased bone density**, which are characteristic of rickets. *Osteoporosis* - This condition is characterized by **reduced bone mass** and **fragile bones**, typically seen in older adults or due to secondary causes, and is not primarily linked to joint swelling in children. - While ALP levels can be normal or slightly elevated in osteoporosis, a level of >1500 is highly suggestive of active bone formation or breakdown, not typically seen in osteoporosis. *Osteomalacia* - This is defective bone mineralization in adults after growth plates have fused, leading to **bone softening** and **pain**, typically not presenting with joint swelling as a primary symptom. - While it also involves high ALP and bone demineralization, the clinical context of a *child* with growth issues points more specifically to rickets. *Osteogenesis imperfecta* - This is a group of **genetic disorders** characterized by **brittle bones** that fracture easily, often accompanied by **blue sclerae** and **hearing loss**, which are not mentioned in the presentation. - While bone fragility is present, it does not typically cause the described joint swelling or the significantly elevated ALP levels seen in this case.

Question 1

Froment's sign (book test) is used to assess the function of adductor pollicis. Which of the following nerves supplies this muscle?

Accepted Answer

Ulnar nerve

Answer

Radial nerve

Answer

Posterior interosseous nerve

Answer

Median nerve

Question 2

Under the Anaemia Mukt Bharath initiative, mild to moderate anaemia in pregnant women <34 weeks of gestation is treated using:

Accepted Answer

1-2 IFA tablets daily (depending on severity)

Answer

IM ferric carboxy maltose (FCM)

Answer

IV iron sucrose for non-compliance with oral tablets

Answer

2 iron and folic acid tablets OD+IV iron sucrose

Question 3

What is the age group distribution for vulval cancer?

Accepted Answer

Both age groups (35-55 and 65-85 years)

Answer

65-85 years

Answer

35-55 years

Answer

Not age specific

Question 4

A child presents with poor growth and swelling at joints. A radiograph of his wrist is given below. Lab investigations reveal serum ALP levels of >1500. What is the possible diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Rickets

Answer

Osteoporosis

Answer

Osteomalacia

Answer

Osteogenesis imperfecta

INI-CET 2022

Anatomy

Community Medicine

Obstetrics and Gynecology

Pediatrics