FMGE 2023 - Community Medicine Practice Questions

Q: Sickness absenteeism of workers in the industry is used to evaluate

Health of the worker. ***Health of the worker*** - Sickness absenteeism refers to the time off work certified due to the worker's own illness, making it a direct and crucial indicator of the **individual worker's health status** - This metric allows occupational health services to evaluate the **morbidity pattern** and effectiveness of health programs within the working population - It is one of the key indicators used in **occupational health surveillance** *Health of the family* - Sickness absenteeism specifically tracks the worker's certified inability to work due to **personal illness**, not the health status of their household or dependents - While caring for sick family members might lead to absence from work, it is not captured under the definition of **sickness absenteeism** *Industrial environment* - Sickness absenteeism is a **health outcome** measure reflecting illness, not a direct measurement of the physical or chemical features of the **industrial environment** itself - To evaluate the industrial environment, specific techniques like **environmental monitoring**, **risk assessment**, or **occupational hazard surveillance** are employed *Community health* - Sickness absenteeism is restricted to the specific, relatively homogeneous population of **employed workers** within that industry - **Community health** is typically evaluated using broader epidemiological indicators covering the entire population, such as **mortality rates**, **disease prevalence**, or **incidence rates** in the general public

Q: The incisors of a child who had white patches on them which later turned brown are due to excessive supplementation of which of the following?

Fluorine. ***Fluorine***- Excessive intake of **fluoride** during the critical period of tooth formation leads to **dental fluorosis**, impairing ameloblast function and mineral deposition.- Fluorosis initially presents as **white patches** (mottling) on the enamel, which eventually become porous and absorb extrinsic stains, leading to the characteristic **brown or black discoloration**.*Vitamin A*- Excessive supplementation results in **hypervitaminosis A**, causing symptoms like **pseudotumor cerebri**, alopecia, and hepatotoxicity, typically not localized dental changes.- Vitamin A is crucial for epithelial differentiation; its deficiency leads to **xerophthalmia** and keratomalacia, not enamel dysgenesis characterized by mottling and brown staining.*Chlorine*- Chlorine, in the form of chloride, is vital for acid-base balance and production of gastric acid; its function is not directly involved in enamel mineralization leading to fluorosis- Excessive chloride intake can contribute to **hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis**, but it is not linked to the specific pattern of dental mottling described.*Riboflavin*- Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) deficiency causes **ariboflavinosis**, manifesting as **cheilosis**, angular stomatitis, and a magenta-colored tongue (glossitis).- Riboflavin supplementation, even in excess, is not associated with **enamel hypoplasia** or the distinctive white-to-brown staining pattern seen in dental fluorosis.

Question 1

Sickness absenteeism of workers in the industry is used to evaluate

Accepted Answer

Health of the worker

Answer

Community health

Answer

Industrial environment

Answer

Health of the family

Question 2

The incisors of a child who had white patches on them which later turned brown are due to excessive supplementation of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Fluorine

Answer

Riboflavin

Answer

Vitamin A

Answer

Chlorine

FMGE 2023 — Community Medicine