Respiratory Pathology — MCQs

A 55-year-old patient presents with chronic cough. A chest x-ray film demonstrates a circular lesion near the apex of the lung. CT-guided biopsy of the lesion demonstrates a malignant tumor arising in an area of scarred lung. Which of the following types of cancer is MOST likely to be present?

Which of the following conditions can lead to end-stage lung disease?

A 62-year-old woman presents to the emergency room following an automobile accident with internal injuries and massive bleeding, appearing in profound shock. Her temperature is 37°C, respirations are 42 per minute, and blood pressure is 80/40 mm Hg. Physical examination reveals cyanosis and the use of accessory respiratory muscles. A CT scan of the chest is normal on arrival. Her condition is complicated by fever, leukocytosis, and a positive blood culture for staphylococci (sepsis). Two days later, the patient develops rapidly progressive respiratory distress with a pattern of "interstitial pneumonia" visible on a chest X-ray. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

In primary pulmonary hypertension, what is the basic genetic abnormality?

Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of acute silicosis?

A 32-year-old woman has had a chronic cough with fever for the past month. On physical examination, her temperature is 37.5°C. A chest radiograph shows many small, ill-defined nodular opacities in all lung fields. A transbronchial biopsy specimen shows interstitial infiltrates with lymphocytes, plasma cells, and epithelioid macrophages. Which of the following infectious agents is the most likely cause of this appearance?

What is the most common type of lung cancer observed in individuals with asbestos-related lung disease?

Sections of the lung from a patient with Wegener's granulomatosis who presents clinically with hemoptysis are most likely to show what pathological findings?

ALK translocation is a characteristic pathogenic mechanism in which of the following conditions?

A 45-year-old man presents with chest pain, fever, productive cough, and rust-colored sputum. He had a history of tuberculosis in his early 20s. A chest X-ray shows multiple, nodular infiltrates and cavitary lesions. A lung biopsy reveals necrotizing inflammation and vascular thrombi with branching fungal hyphae. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?