Renal Pathology — MCQs

What are the characteristic kidney changes seen in multiple myeloma?

A 36-year-old woman presents with increased malaise for 3 weeks and oliguria (<500 mL/day) for the past 4 days. On examination, her blood pressure is 170/112 mm Hg and she has peripheral edema. Urinalysis shows protein 1+ and hematuria (3+), with no glucose or ketones. Urine microscopy reveals RBCs and RBC casts. Her serum urea nitrogen is 39 mg/dL, and creatinine is 4.3 mg/dL. Serum complement levels (C1q, C3, and C4) are decreased. Renal biopsy with immunofluorescence microscopy shows a granular pattern of staining with antibody to C3. Which of the following types of hypersensitivity reactions is most likely causing her renal disease?

What is the cause of edema in glomerulonephritis?

Which of the following is FALSE about Alport syndrome?

A 29-year-old woman presents with a 3-day history of fever and sore throat. On examination, her temperature is 38°C. The pharynx is erythematous with yellowish tonsillar exudate. She is treated with ampicillin and recovers fully in 7 days. Two weeks later, she develops fever and a rash, with a slight decrease in urinary output. Her temperature is 37.7°C, and she has a diffuse erythematous rash on her trunk and extremities. Urinalysis shows pH 6, specific gravity 1.022, 1+ proteinuria, 1+ hematuria, and no glucose or ketones. Microscopic examination of the urine shows RBCs and WBCs, including eosinophils, but no casts or crystals. What is the most likely cause of her disease?

A 49-year-old male who is a long-term smoker presents with frequency and hematuria. Histologic examination of sections taken from an exophytic lesion of the urinary bladder reveals groups of atypical cells with frequent mitoses forming finger-like projections that have thin, fibrovascular cores. These groups of atypical cells do not extend into the lamina propria and muscularis. No glands or keratin production are found. What is the most accurate diagnosis for this bladder tumor?

A 2 kg baby, born at 30 weeks gestation to an 18-year-old primigravida, died after 48 hours. The Apgar scores were 5 and 8 at 1 and 5 minutes, respectively. Autopsy revealed bilateral enlarged kidneys with multiple radially arranged cysts. Which of the following findings is expected to be associated with this condition?

Low C3 levels are seen in which of the following conditions?

Casts are produced due to damage to which of the following structures?

What is the first manifestation of Alport syndrome?