Neuropathology — MCQs

A 35-year-old man develops hemiparesis, ataxia, homonymous hemianopia, and cognitive deterioration. An MRI of the brain demonstrates widespread areas of abnormal T2 signal in the white matter. An electroencephalogram is remarkable for diffuse slowing over both cerebral hemispheres. Brain biopsy reveals demyelination with abnormal giant oligodendrocytes, some of which contain eosinophilic inclusions. This patient's condition is most closely related to which of the following diseases?

A 22-year-old primigravida had a fetal screening ultrasound study at 18 weeks showing a single large cerebral ventricle and fused thalami. On physical examination at birth at 36 weeks' gestation, the infant is small for gestational age and has multiple anomalies, including postaxial polydactyly of hands and feet, cyclopia, microcephaly, cleft lip and palate, and rocker-bottom feet. The infant dies 1 hour after birth. Which of the following CNS abnormalities best explains these findings?

What are the similar features between cerebral abscess and cerebral infarct?

Tuberous sclerosis is characterized by all EXCEPT:

Which of the following leads to communicating hydrocephalus?

In tuberculous meningitis, where do the exudates tend to be most severe?

A 40-year-old woman presents with severe headaches and dizziness. An MRI reveals a brain tumor, and a biopsy confirms it as a melanoma. She dies 2 months later. Pigmented lesions are not seen on her skin or scalp at the time of diagnosis or during postmortem examination. Which of the following is the most likely source of the malignant melanoma cells?

A 49-year-old female presents with a non-healing ulcer on the right medial malleolus. On examination, there is symmetrical loss of sensation in both extremities. She also complains of recurrent vaginal discharge and irregular menstrual cycles. She reports experiencing hot flashes. What is the most likely pathological finding to be seen in her peripheral nerves?

Homer Wright rosettes are seen in which of the following neoplasms?

A 55-year-old man has had a foot ulcer for 2 months that has not healed. Physical examination shows a 2-cm shallow, nonhealing ulceration of the left medial malleolus. There is symmetric decreased sensation in the distal regions of the lower extremities. He has a history of multiple urinary tract infections resulting from difficulty in completely emptying the bladder. He is impotent. Which of the following pathologic findings is most likely to be present in the peripheral nerves?