Biomechanics of Spine Practice Questions

Question 1

Which of the following movements is least permitted in the lumbar region of the vertebral column?

Accepted Answer

Rotation

Answer

Flexion

Answer

Extension

Answer

Lateral flexion

Question 2

All of the following contribute to the intervertebral disc EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Elastic cartilage

Answer

Fibrocartilage

Answer

Annulus fibrosus

Answer

Nucleus pulposus

Question 3

Identify the condition shown in the image:

Accepted Answer

Spondylolysis

Answer

Renal osteodystrophy

Answer

Spondylolisthesis

Answer

Tuberculosis (TB)

Question 4

Dennis stability concept is based on which of the following?

Accepted Answer

3 columns

Answer

4 columns

Answer

5 columns

Answer

2 columns

Question 5

What constitutes a spinal motion segment?

Accepted Answer

A disc and the vertebrae above and below, including their interlocking facet joints.

Answer

A disc and the facet joints at that level.

Answer

A vertebral body and the disc above.

Answer

A section of the spine involved in a physiological curve with the similar function (i.e. thoracic kyphosis).

Question 6

False about fracture of vertebrae

Accepted Answer

Anterior longitudinal ligament runs along the posterior surface of vertebral bodies

Answer

Fracture dislocation is common in flexion rotation injury

Answer

Chance fracture occurs due to flexion distraction injury

Answer

Wedge compression causes flexion injury

Question 7

A 9-month-old girl is brought by her mother who noticed asymmetric skin folds on the thighs and difficulty abducting the left hip during diaper changes. She was a firstborn, delivered in breech presentation. Examination reveals limited abduction of the left hip to 30 degrees. The pelvis radiograph is shown (Image 1). Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?

Accepted Answer

B. Closed reduction under general anaesthesia followed by hip spica casting

Answer

A. Pavlik harness application with ultrasound follow-up at 6 weeks

Answer

C. Open reduction with pelvic osteotomy as primary intervention

Answer

D. Observation and repeat radiograph at 12 months of age

Question 8

A 16-year-old boy presents with a 6-week history of progressively worsening pain and swelling around the right knee. He denies any trauma. On examination there is a firm, tender, warm swelling over the distal femur. Serum alkaline phosphatase is markedly elevated. The plain radiograph is shown in Image 1. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?

Accepted Answer

A. Urgent referral to a sarcoma centre for coordinated biopsy and staging MRI of the limb plus CT chest before definitive treatment

Answer

B. Immediate wide surgical resection without prior tissue diagnosis

Answer

C. Intralesional curettage with bone grafting and adjuvant phenol

Answer

D. En bloc excision with endoprosthetic reconstruction without staging

Question 9

Which of the following diagnostic studies is NOT useful in the evaluation of upper-extremity pain?

Accepted Answer

Adson's test

Answer

Cervical spine x-ray

Answer

Chest X-ray

Answer

Neural conduction studies of the median nerve

Question 10

What is the most important factor in fracture healing?

Accepted Answer

Immobilization

Answer

Good alignment

Answer

Organization of blood clot

Answer

Accurate reduction and 100% apposition of fractured fragments

Biomechanics of Spine — MCQs

Biomechanics of Spine — MCQs

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