Oncology Practice Questions

Q: Which one of the following is not a tumor marker for testicular tumors?

CA-125. ***CEA*** - **Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)** is primarily used as a tumor marker for colorectal and other gastrointestinal cancers [1], not for testicular tumors [2]. - It lacks specificity for germ cell tumors, as the primary markers in testicular tumors are **HCG**, **AFP**, and **LDH** [2]. *HCG* - **Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)** is commonly elevated in the presence of germ cell tumors, especially teratomas and choriocarcinomas [2]. - It is a key marker for diagnosis and monitoring of testicular tumors. *AFP* - **Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)** is often elevated in non-seminomatous germ cell tumors, particularly yolk sac tumors [2]. - It serves as an important marker for diagnosis and treatment response in these tumors. *LDH* - **Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)** can be elevated in various tumors, including testicular cancer, but it is a non-specific marker. - It is used to assess tumor burden and monitor treatment response rather than for definitive diagnosis.

Q: Which type of lung cancer is most commonly found in non-smokers?

Adenocarcinoma. ***Adenocarcinoma*** - It is the most common type of lung cancer among **non-smokers**, often associated with **lung scarring** and **asbestos exposure**. - Typically presents in the **peripheral** regions of the lungs and has a **glandular** pattern on histology. *Squamous cell carcinoma* - More commonly associated with **smoking** [1] and usually arises in the **central parts** of the lungs. - Known for cavitary lesions and often linked to chronic **lung disease** rather than non-smokers. *None of the above* - This oes not provide a definitive lung cancer type, which is **not relevant** when adenocarcinoma is the correct answer. - Fails to recognize the significant evidence linking adenocarcinoma as the predominant type in non-smokers. *Oat cell carcinoma* - This represents **small cell lung cancer**, which is strongly linked to **smoking** rather than being common in non-smokers [1]. - Often presents with **metastatic lesions** and is more aggressive, unlike adenocarcinoma.

Q: Trousseau's syndrome is classically seen with:

Pancreatic carcinoma. ***Pancreatic carcinoma*** - **Trousseau's syndrome**, or migratory thrombophlebitis, is a paraneoplastic syndrome characterized by recurrent, migratory episodes of **venous thrombosis** in unusual sites. - It is often associated with adenocarcinomas, particularly those of the **pancreas**, lung, stomach, and prostate, due to the tumor's ability to activate clotting [1]. *Carcinoma of the stomach* - While stomach carcinoma can be associated with Trousseau's syndrome, it is **less common** than with pancreatic carcinoma. - Trousseau's syndrome in gastric cancer may also involve other paraneoplastic phenomena like **acanthosis nigricans**. *Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type II* - This syndrome is associated with tumors such as **medullary thyroid carcinoma**, pheochromocytoma, and parathyroid adenomas. - It does not typically present with **Trousseau's syndrome** but instead has a distinct set of paraneoplastic manifestations related to hormone overexpression [1]. *Neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas* - These tumors often manifest with symptoms related to hormone overproduction, such as **insulinomas** (hypoglycemia) or **gastrinomas** (Zollinger-Ellison syndrome) [2]. - While any malignancy can theoretically predispose to thrombosis, they are **not classically associated** with Trousseau's syndrome, which is more typical of exocrine pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Q: Most common malignancy in post-transplant individuals:

Squamous cell carcinoma of skin. Most common malignancy in post-transplant individuals: ***Squamous cell carcinoma of skin*** - **Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin** is the most common malignancy in post-transplant individuals, largely due to **immunosuppression** which impairs immune surveillance against oncogenic viruses and sunlight-induced mutations [1]. - The risk of SCC is significantly increased (up to 65-fold) in transplant recipients, often presenting as **multiple tumors** and exhibiting a more aggressive course than in the general population [2]. *Kaposi sarcoma* - **Kaposi sarcoma (KS)** is associated with **human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8)** infection and is more common in transplant recipients compared to the general population, but it is not the *most common* malignancy [1]. - While its incidence is increased, it remains less frequent than skin cancers like SCC. *PTLD* - **Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD)** is a significant complication of organ transplantation, primarily driven by **Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)** infection in the setting of immunosuppression [1]. - PTLD is a serious malignancy, but its overall incidence is less than that of skin cancers. *CNS lymphoma* - **CNS lymphoma** can occur in post-transplant patients, often linked to **EBV infection** and immunosuppression [1]. - Although it is a severe complication, its incidence is considerably lower than that of skin cancers in this population.

Question 1

Which one of the following is not a tumor marker for testicular tumors?

Accepted Answer

CA-125

Answer

AFP

Answer

LDH

Answer

HCG

Question 2

Which type of lung cancer is most commonly found in non-smokers?

Accepted Answer

Adenocarcinoma

Answer

Squamous cell carcinoma (associated with smoking)

Answer

Oat cell carcinoma (small cell lung cancer)

Answer

None of the options

Question 3

Trousseau's syndrome is classically seen with:

Accepted Answer

Pancreatic carcinoma

Answer

Carcinoma of the stomach

Answer

Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type II

Answer

Neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas

Question 4

Most common malignancy in post-transplant individuals:

Accepted Answer

Squamous cell carcinoma of skin

Answer

Kaposi sarcoma

Answer

PTLD

Answer

CNS lymphoma

Oncology — MCQs

Oncology — MCQs

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