Public Health Administration Practice Questions

Q: When was the National Mental Health Programme (NMHP) started in India?

1982. ***1982*** - The **National Mental Health Programme (NMHP)** was launched in India in **1982**. - Its objective was to ensure the availability and accessibility of minimum mental healthcare for all. *1987* - This year is not recognized as the starting point for a major national mental health program in India. - While there may have been mental health initiatives, 1982 marks the official launch of the NMHP. *1995* - While subsequent amendments and enhancements to the NMHP occurred, 1995 was not the year of its inception. - The **District Mental Health Programme (DMHP)** was initiated as a pilot project in 1996, building on the NMHP. *1990* - This year did not mark the beginning of the national mental health program in India. - The initial framework and goals for mental healthcare were established earlier in the 1980s.

Q: A subcentre caters to a population of:

5000. ***5000*** - A subcentre is designed to cater to a population of **5000** in **plain areas**. - In **hilly, tribal, or difficult-to-access areas**, a subcentre typically covers a population of **3000**. *3000* - This population coverage is applicable for subcentres in **hilly, tribal, or desert areas**, not general populations. - For plain areas, the target population is higher. *7000* - This population figure is typically associated with a **Primary Health Centre (PHC)** in a plain area, not a subcentre. - A subcentre is the most peripheral and first contact point between the primary healthcare system and the community. *10,000* - This population figure is also associated with a **Primary Health Centre (PHC)** in **hilly, tribal, or difficult areas**. - Subcentres serve a smaller, more localized population.

Q: Which of the following is recognized as the apex national institute of ophthalmology in India?

Dr. R P Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, AIIMS, New Delhi. ***Dr. R P Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, AIIMS, New Delhi*** - Dr. R P Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences at AIIMS, New Delhi, is widely recognized as the **apex national institute for ophthalmology in India**, leading in patient care, research, and education. - Its status is attributed to its comprehensive facilities, advanced research, and significant contributions to **ophthalmic training and healthcare policy** at a national level. *Shankara Netralaya, Chennai* - Though a highly reputed and large-scale eye hospital, Sankara Nethralaya is a **private, not-for-profit institution** and does not hold the official "apex national institute" designation. - It is renowned for its clinical excellence and research but primarily operates as a **tertiary care center** rather than a national apex body. *Advanced Eye Care, PGIMER, Chandigarh* - The Advanced Eye Centre at PGIMER, Chandigarh, is a prominent **regional institute** and a center of excellence in ophthalmology in North India. - While it provides high-quality care and education, it is not designated as the **national apex body** for ophthalmology across India. *Regional Institute of Ophthalmology (RIO)* - There are several Regional Institutes of Ophthalmology (RIOs) located across different states in India, established to provide **specialized eye care** and training within their respective regions. - Each RIO serves as a **regional hub**, but no single RIO represents the overall national apex institution for ophthalmology in India.

Q: In RNTCP, one Tuberculosis Unit covers how much population?

500000. ***500000*** - In the context of the **Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP)** in India (now known as **National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme - NTEP** since 2020), one **Tuberculosis Unit (TU)** is designed to cover a population of approximately **500,000** individuals in plain areas and 250,000 in difficult terrains. - This population coverage ensures that diagnosis and treatment services for tuberculosis are accessible and effectively managed within a defined geographical area. *400000* - This value is less than the standard population covered by a single **Tuberculosis Unit (TU)** under the **RNTCP** guidelines for plain areas. - While exact coverage can vary slightly in specific contexts, 400,000 is not the benchmark figure for plain areas. *600000* - This figure is higher than the typical population covered by one **Tuberculosis Unit (TU)** in plain areas as per **RNTCP** norms. - Over-coverage could potentially strain resources and affect the quality of services provided within that unit. *200000* - This figure is lower than the standard population covered by a **Tuberculosis Unit (TU)** in plain areas and is typically closer to the coverage for **difficult or tribal geographical areas** (which is usually 250,000). - Such low coverage in plain areas would imply an inefficient allocation of resources if not justified by specific topographical or demographic challenges.

Q: Which of the following tasks is not directly performed by a female multipurpose health worker (FHW)?

Malaria surveillance. ***Malaria surveillance*** - **Malaria surveillance** is primarily performed by a **male multipurpose health worker (MPHW)** or specific malaria program staff. - While FHWs report general health data, **active malaria surveillance activities** like collecting blood smears for diagnosis are typically not their direct responsibility. *Distribute condoms* - Female health workers are actively involved in promoting family planning and the **distribution of contraceptives**, including **condoms**, within the community. - This helps in preventing unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections. *Birth death statistics* - FHWs are responsible for collecting vital health statistics, including reporting **births and deaths**, within their assigned area. - This data is crucial for public health planning and monitoring. *Immunisation of mothers* - A key role of FHWs is to provide and assist with **immunization services** for mothers, such as **tetanus toxoid (TT) vaccinations** during pregnancy. - This protects both the mother and the newborn from preventable diseases.

Q: Most peripheral unit for planning of family planning and other services under RCH program is

Sub-centre. ***Sub-centre*** - The **Sub-centre** is the most peripheral and first contact point between the primary healthcare system and the community. - It serves a population of 3,000-5,000 people and is responsible for delivering basic health services, including **family planning** and **RCH (Reproductive and Child Health) services**, directly to the community. *PHC* - A **Primary Health Centre (PHC)** is a more central facility, serving a larger population (20,000-30,000) and acting as a referral unit for 6 sub-centres. - While PHCs provide comprehensive primary care, the **planning and direct delivery** at the grassroots level occur at the Sub-centre. *District* - The **District level** involves overarching planning, supervision, and resource allocation for health services within the entire district. - It is not the most peripheral unit for direct service delivery or planning with the community. *Block/Taluka* - The **Block/Taluka level** often corresponds to a Community Health Centre (CHC) or block-level administrative health office. - These facilities supervise PHCs and manage health programs for a larger administrative block, but are not the immediate point of contact for service planning with the community.

Q: According to PCPNDT Act, 1994, what is the punishment for a doctor found guilty of sex determination for the first offense?

3 years. ***3 years*** - The **PCPNDT Act, 1994** (Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques Act) specifies imprisonment of up to **3 years** for a first-time offense of sex determination. - This is paired with a fine of up to **₹10,000**, and the registration of the medical practitioner is also suspended for a period of **five years** for the first offense. - The Act aims to prevent female feticide and maintain the **sex ratio**. *5 years* - An imprisonment term of **5 years** applies for **subsequent offenses** after conviction for the first offense. - The registration can be permanently cancelled for repeat offenders. *2 years* - This duration is **not specified** in the PCPNDT Act as a punishment for sex determination. - Neither imprisonment nor suspension of registration for 2 years is mentioned in the Act for this offense. *1 year* - A 1-year imprisonment is not specified under the PCPNDT Act for sex determination. - The Act intends to impose stringent penalties (up to 3 years for first offense, up to 5 years for subsequent offense) to deter such practices.

Q: Which of the following diseases is primarily monitored under the Integrated Disease Surveillance Program (IDSP)?

Malaria. ***Malaria*** - Malaria is a significant public health concern with high incidence and mortality, making its surveillance crucial for **disease control and elimination efforts**. - The IDSP aims for early detection and rapid response to **outbreaks of communicable diseases**, including vector-borne diseases like malaria. *Tuberculosis* - While a major public health issue, **tuberculosis (TB)** is primarily monitored under the **National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme (NTEP)**, which has a dedicated and extensive surveillance system. - The NTEP focuses on active case finding, treatment, and prevention of TB through a specific, robust framework separate from the IDSP's general surveillance. *HIV* - **HIV/AIDS** surveillance is conducted under the **National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO)**, which has a specialized program for monitoring prevalence, incidence, and risk behaviors. - NACO's surveillance includes sentinel surveillance among specific populations and programmatic data collection, distinct from the IDSP's generalized infectious disease monitoring. *Diabetes* - **Diabetes** is a **non-communicable disease** and is not primarily monitored under the IDSP, which focuses on infectious disease outbreaks. - Surveillance for non-communicable diseases like diabetes typically falls under programs dedicated to non-communicable disease prevention and control, focusing on prevalence and risk factors.

Q: Which is a critical focus area of the National Programme for Prevention and Control of Deafness?

Screening and early diagnosis of ear problems. ***Screening and early diagnosis of ear problems*** - The **National Programme for Prevention and Control of Deafness (NPPCD)** primarily focuses on **prevention** and early detection strategies to reduce the burden of hearing impairment. - **Early detection** allows for timely intervention, which is crucial for preventing severe hearing loss and its associated complications. *Improving surgical outcomes for ear-related conditions* - While improving surgical outcomes is important in otology, it is a component of tertiary care, and not the **primary focus** of a national public health program centered on prevention and control. - The NPPCD emphasizes strategies to **minimize the need for complex surgeries** through early intervention and preventive measures. *Providing music therapy for stress relief* - **Music therapy** for stress relief is a wellness activity and does not fall under the core objectives of a program designed to prevent and control deafness. - This program specifically targets **medical and public health interventions** related to hearing health, not general mental well-being. *Promoting the use of hearing aids for all age groups* - Promoting hearing aids is a part of **rehabilitation** for those with established hearing loss, but it is not the **critical initial focus** compared to primary prevention and early diagnosis. - The program aims to **reduce the incidence of hearing loss** in the first place, rather than solely focusing on management once it has occurred.

Q: Which Act provides guidelines for the regulation of blood banks in India?

The Drugs and Cosmetics Act. ***The Drugs and Cosmetics Act*** - This act, specifically through its Rules, **outlines the standards** for the operation, licensing, and quality control of blood banks. - It ensures the **safety, efficacy, and quality of blood and blood products** by regulating their manufacturing, storage, sale, and distribution. *The Transplantation of Human Organs Act* - This act primarily focuses on the **regulation of organ transplantation** to prevent commercial dealing in human organs. - It does not directly govern the **day-to-day operations or quality control** of blood banks. *The Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act* - This act deals with the **legal provisions for abortion** in India, including the conditions and places where it can be performed. - It has **no relevance to the regulation of blood banks**. *The National Health Act* - There is **no specific "National Health Act"** in India that is a single, comprehensive law governing all aspects of healthcare. - While health policies and programs exist, **regulation of specific healthcare services** like blood banks falls under more specialized legislation.

Question 1

When was the National Mental Health Programme (NMHP) started in India?

Accepted Answer

1982

Answer

1987

Answer

1995

Answer

1990

Question 2

A subcentre caters to a population of:

Accepted Answer

5000

Answer

3000

Answer

7000

Answer

10,000

Question 3

Which of the following is recognized as the apex national institute of ophthalmology in India?

Accepted Answer

Dr. R P Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, AIIMS, New Delhi

Answer

Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai

Answer

Advanced Eye Care, PGIMER, Chandigarh

Answer

Regional Institute of Ophthalmology (RIO)

Question 4

In RNTCP, one Tuberculosis Unit covers how much population?

Accepted Answer

500000

Answer

400000

Answer

600000

Answer

200000

Question 5

Which of the following tasks is not directly performed by a female multipurpose health worker (FHW)?

Accepted Answer

Malaria surveillance

Answer

Distribute condoms

Answer

Birth death statistics

Answer

Immunisation of mothers

Question 6

Most peripheral unit for planning of family planning and other services under RCH program is

Accepted Answer

Sub-centre

Answer

PHC

Answer

District

Answer

Block/ Taluka

Question 7

According to PCPNDT Act, 1994, what is the punishment for a doctor found guilty of sex determination for the first offense?

Accepted Answer

3 years

Answer

5 years

Answer

2 years

Answer

1 year

Question 8

Which of the following diseases is primarily monitored under the Integrated Disease Surveillance Program (IDSP)?

Accepted Answer

Malaria

Answer

Tuberculosis

Answer

HIV

Answer

Diabetes

Question 9

Which is a critical focus area of the National Programme for Prevention and Control of Deafness?

Accepted Answer

Screening and early diagnosis of ear problems

Answer

Providing music therapy for stress relief

Answer

Improving surgical outcomes for ear-related conditions

Answer

Promoting the use of hearing aids for all age groups

Question 10

Which Act provides guidelines for the regulation of blood banks in India?

Accepted Answer

The Drugs and Cosmetics Act

Answer

The Transplantation of Human Organs Act

Answer

The Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act

Answer

The National Health Act

Public Health Administration — MCQs

Public Health Administration — MCQs

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