Public Health Administration Practice Questions

Q: Objectives of National Mental Health programme are all except -

Provide free antipsychotic drugs to all. ***Provide free antipsychotic drugs to all*** - While ensuring access to essential medicines is important, the National Mental Health Programme (NMHP) does not explicitly guarantee **free antipsychotic drugs to all** individuals, as the scope of provision can depend on various factors like specific conditions, and availability of resources. - The primary objectives are broader and focus on overall mental health care delivery and promotion, rather than a universal provision of specific medications, especially when the need for such drugs may not apply to "all" individuals in the population. *Provide accessibility of mental health care* - A core objective of the NMHP is to make **mental health care accessible** to all individuals, particularly in rural and underserved areas. - This involves establishing services at primary, secondary, and tertiary care levels. *Promote community participation* - The NMHP aims to foster **community involvement** in mental health awareness, destigmatization, and support for individuals with mental illness. - This includes engaging communities in prevention, promotion, and rehabilitation efforts. *Promote application of mental health knowledge* - A key goal is to enhance the **understanding and application of mental health knowledge** among healthcare professionals, policymakers, and the general public. - This objective supports evidence-based practices and informed decision-making in mental health care.

Q: Under NPCB, screening of school children is first done by -

School teachers. ***School teachers*** - Under the **National Programme for Control of Blindness (NPCB)**, screening of school children follows a **three-tier approach**. - **School teachers** are trained to conduct the **first level/initial screening** using simple vision tests like **Snellen charts**. - They identify children with potential vision problems and refer them for further detailed assessment. - This approach maximizes coverage as teachers have regular contact with children and can screen large numbers efficiently. - The NPCB specifically includes **teacher training modules** for basic vision screening as part of the School Eye Screening Programme. *Ophthalmologic assistant* - Ophthalmic assistants/paramedical workers conduct the **second level screening** - the detailed assessment of children referred by teachers. - They perform comprehensive vision testing and identify specific refractive errors and eye conditions. - They are not the first point of contact in school screening due to resource limitations and the scale of screening required. *Medical officer* - Medical officers and ophthalmologists are involved in the **third tier** - providing diagnosis, treatment, and management of identified cases. - They handle complex cases, prescribe spectacles, and provide surgical interventions when needed. - They also supervise the overall program but do not conduct initial mass screening. *Village health guide* - Village health guides work primarily in community settings for general health promotion and basic healthcare. - While they contribute to community health awareness, they are not specifically involved in the structured school eye screening program under NPCB.

Q: NPCDCS covers all except:

Depression. ***Depression*** - The **National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases and Stroke (NPCDCS)** specifically focuses on the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases such as **cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases (including hypertension and myocardial infarction), and stroke**. - While depression is a significant non-communicable disease, it is not explicitly covered under the primary scope of the NPCDCS, which has a distinct focus on the four mentioned disease groups. *Diabetes* - **Diabetes** is one of the foundational non-communicable diseases directly addressed by the NPCDCS, with specific initiatives for its prevention, early detection, and management. - The program aims to reduce the burden of diabetes through various health promotion and healthcare delivery strategies. *Hypertension* - **Hypertension** is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and stroke, and its control is a key component of the NPCDCS. - The program includes screening, diagnosis, and management protocols for hypertension as part of its strategy to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. *Stroke* - **Stroke** is explicitly part of the NPCDCS mandate, as indicated by its inclusion in the program's full name. - The program addresses stroke through prevention initiatives, early recognition campaigns, and strengthening healthcare services for acute and rehabilitation care.

Q: Which of the following is a set point for plans but is something that cannot be quantified or measured?

Mission. ***Mission*** - A **mission statement** defines an organization's fundamental purpose and values, guiding its actions and decisions. - It describes **why an organization exists** and what it aims to achieve, but it is typically a broad, qualitative statement that cannot be directly measured. *Target* - A **target** is a specific, measurable result that an organization aims to achieve within a defined timeframe. - Targets are quantifiable and used to track progress toward objectives and goals. *Objective* - An **objective** is a specific aim or desired outcome that an individual or organization plans to achieve. - Objectives are typically quantifiable, time-bound, and measurable, providing clear criteria for success. *Goal* - A **goal** is a desired result or outcome that a person or system envisions, plans, and commits to achieve. - While generally broader than objectives, goals are still typically **quantifiable** or at least verifiable, meaning their attainment can be assessed.

Q: One PHC should be present in hilly areas for every:

20,000 people. ***20,000 people*** - In **hilly, tribal, and difficult-to-reach areas**, the norm for establishing a Primary Health Centre (PHC) is one for every **20,000 people**. - This adjusted population norm accounts for the geographical challenges and scattered populations, ensuring better access to basic healthcare services. *10,000 people* - This is not a standard population norm for any health facility under the Indian public health system. - For reference, a **Sub-Centre (SC)** in hilly/tribal/difficult areas serves **5,000 people**, while in plain areas it serves **3,000 people** (as per IPHS norms). *30,000 people* - This population norm applies to a PHC in **plain areas**. - Plain areas have higher population density and easier accessibility, allowing a single PHC to cover a larger population. *50,000 people* - This is not a standard population norm in current IPHS guidelines. - A **Community Health Centre (CHC)** typically serves **120,000 people** in plain areas (acting as a referral center for 4 PHCs) and **80,000 people** in hilly/tribal areas.

Q: The eye condition for which the World bank assistance was provided to the National Programme for Control of Blindness:

Cataract. ***Cataract*** - The **National Programme for Control of Blindness (NPCB)**, with World Bank assistance, has focused heavily on **cataract surgeries** due to cataract being the leading cause of preventable blindness in India. - The program's aim was to provide accessible and affordable surgical interventions to clear the clouded lens, thereby restoring vision. *Vitamin A deficiency* - While vitamin A deficiency can lead to severe eye conditions like **xerophthalmia** and blindness, it's primarily addressed through nutritional programs and supplementary interventions, not the main focus of World Bank-assisted surgical initiatives within the NPCB. - Its prevention is mainly based on dietary changes and distribution of **vitamin A supplements**, especially in children. *Trachoma* - Trachoma is a bacterial eye infection that can cause blindness, particularly prevalent in regions with poor hygiene. - Although it's part of global blindness prevention efforts, the World Bank's assistance to the NPCB primarily targeted conditions requiring surgical intervention on a large scale, with **trachoma control** often involving antibiotic treatment and hygiene improvement rather than extensive surgical campaigns. *Onchocerciasis* - Onchocerciasis, or **river blindness**, is a parasitic disease primarily prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa. - It is not a major cause of blindness in India, thus not a primary focus of the **National Programme for Control of Blindness** or its World Bank-supported initiatives.

Q: The Village Health Guide Scheme (as originally implemented in the 1970s-80s) was not present in -

JK. ***JK*** - The **Village Health Guide Scheme** (VHGS), launched in 1977, aimed to provide primary healthcare services in rural areas. - While implemented across most states, **Jammu and Kashmir** (JK) was one of the few states that did **not adopt** the scheme. *Tamil Nadu* - **Tamil Nadu** was one of the states where the Village Health Guide Scheme was effectively implemented. - The scheme aimed to address the healthcare needs of rural populations in states like Tamil Nadu. *Karnataka* - **Karnataka** also implemented the Village Health Guide Scheme as part of the national health initiatives. - This scheme was crucial in extending basic health services to remote villages within Karnataka. *All of the above* - This option is incorrect because the Village Health Guide Scheme **was implemented** in many states, including Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. - It was specifically **not implemented in JK**, making 'JK' the correct answer rather than 'All of the above'.

Q: Social physician concept was mooted by -

Bhore committee. ***Bhore committee*** - The **Bhore Committee**, formed in 1943, recommended a comprehensive re-evaluation of medical education and public health services in India. - This committee introduced the concept of the "social physician," emphasizing a doctor's role extending beyond clinical care to include **preventive, promotive, and rehabilitative aspects** of health within the community. *Kaar Singh committee* - The **Kartar Singh Committee (1973)** focused on the integration of various health workers and the establishment of a **multi-purpose health worker scheme**. - Its recommendations were primarily administrative and structural, rather than conceptualizing the role of the physician. *Chadah committee* - The **Chadha Committee (1963)** focused on the **National Malaria Eradication Programme (NMEP)** and developing a maintenance phase following the eradication effort. - This committee's mandate was specific to a disease control program and did not address the broader philosophy of medical practice. *Shrivastava committee* - The **Shrivastava Committee (1975)** reviewed medical education and suggested measures for making it more relevant to national health needs, including the **Medical and Health Education Commission**. - While it influenced medical education reforms, it did not originate the concept of the "social physician" as initially defined by earlier committees.

Q: A systematic observation and recording of activities of one or more individuals at random intervals is done in –

Work sampling. ***Work sampling*** - **Work sampling**, also known as activity sampling, involves making a large number of instantaneous observations at random intervals over a period to estimate the proportion of time a person or machine spends on different activities. - This method is particularly useful for studying activities that are **irregular or non-repetitive**, providing a statistically valid estimate without continuous observation. *Input-output analysis* - **Input-output analysis** is an economic technique that describes the interdependencies between different sectors of an economy. - It focuses on how the output of one industry becomes the input for another, rather than observing individual activities. *System analysis* - **System analysis** is a problem-solving technique that breaks down a system into its component pieces to study how these parts interact and work together. - It is used for understanding and improving overall system function, not for random observation of individual activities. *Network analysis* - **Network analysis** involves studying the structure and flow within a network, such as social networks, computer networks, or project management networks. - It focuses on relationships and connections between entities, not on the random sampling of individual activities.

Q: All of the following are components of primary healthcare delivery system, except -

District Collector Office. ***District Collector Office*** ✓ - The **District Collector Office** is an administrative body responsible for revenue collection, law and order, and overall district administration. - It is **NOT a component of the primary healthcare delivery system** itself, making it the correct answer to this EXCEPT question. - While it may coordinate certain public health initiatives at the district level, it does not provide direct healthcare services. *Primary Health Centre (PHC)* - **Primary Health Centres (PHCs)** are essential facilities at the first level of contact between the community and a medical officer in the healthcare system. - They offer basic medical care, maternal and child health services, family planning, immunization, and public health programs. - PHCs are a core component of primary healthcare delivery. *Community Health Centre (CHC)* - **Community Health Centres (CHCs)** serve as referral centers for PHCs and provide secondary-level care with specialist services. - They offer extended medical services including specialist consultations, emergency obstetric care, and 24x7 services. - CHCs are an integral part of the three-tier primary healthcare system. *Sub-Centre* - **Sub-Centres** are the most peripheral and first point of contact between the primary healthcare system and the community. - Typically staffed by one Auxiliary Nurse Midwife (ANM) and one Male Health Worker, they serve a population of 3,000-5,000. - They provide basic health services including maternal and child health care, immunization, family planning, treatment of minor ailments, and health education.

Question 1

Objectives of National Mental Health programme are all except -

Accepted Answer

Provide free antipsychotic drugs to all

Answer

Promote application of mental health knowledge

Answer

Promote community participation

Answer

Provide accessibility of mental health care

Question 2

Under NPCB, screening of school children is first done by -

Accepted Answer

School teachers

Answer

Ophthalmologic assistant

Answer

Medical officer

Answer

Village health guide

Question 3

NPCDCS covers all except:

Accepted Answer

Depression

Answer

Diabetes

Answer

Hypertension

Answer

Stroke

Question 4

Which of the following is a set point for plans but is something that cannot be quantified or measured?

Accepted Answer

Mission

Answer

Target

Answer

Objective

Answer

Goal

Question 5

One PHC should be present in hilly areas for every:

Accepted Answer

20,000 people

Answer

10,000 people

Answer

30,000 people

Answer

50,000 people

Question 6

The eye condition for which the World bank assistance was provided to the National Programme for Control of Blindness:

Accepted Answer

Cataract

Answer

Vitamin A deficiency

Answer

Trachoma

Answer

Onchocerciasis

Question 7

The Village Health Guide Scheme (as originally implemented in the 1970s-80s) was not present in -

Accepted Answer

JK

Answer

Tamil Nadu

Answer

Karnataka

Answer

All of the above

Question 8

Social physician concept was mooted by -

Accepted Answer

Bhore committee

Answer

Chadha committee

Answer

Shrivastava committee

Answer

Kartar Singh committee

Question 9

A systematic observation and recording of activities of one or more individuals at random intervals is done in –

Accepted Answer

Work sampling

Answer

Input-output analysis

Answer

System analysis

Answer

Network analysis

Question 10

All of the following are components of primary healthcare delivery system, except -

Accepted Answer

District Collector Office

Answer

Primary Health Centre (PHC)

Answer

Community Health Centre (CHC)

Answer

Sub-Centre

Public Health Administration — MCQs

Public Health Administration — MCQs

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