Public Health Administration Practice Questions

Q: Which of the following are health care delivery indicators? 1. Population per trained birth attendant 2. Population per health/sub centre 3. Doctor-nurse ratio Select the correct answer using the code given below:

1, 2 and 3. ***1, 2 and 3*** - All three indicators (Population per trained birth attendant, Population per health/sub centre, and Doctor-nurse ratio) are direct measures reflecting the **availability and distribution of healthcare resources** and personnel. - These metrics help assess the **accessibility and quality** of healthcare delivery within a population. *2 and 3 only* - This option incorrectly excludes "Population per trained birth attendant," which is a crucial indicator of access to **maternal and child healthcare services**. - While "Population per health/sub centre" and "Doctor-nurse ratio" are important, neglecting birth attendants provides an incomplete picture of healthcare delivery. *1 and 2 only* - This option misses the "Doctor-nurse ratio," which is vital for evaluating the **skill mix and capacity** of the healthcare workforce. - An adequate doctor-nurse ratio ensures effective patient care and **resource utilization** within facilities. *1 and 3 only* - This option excludes "Population per health/sub centre," a key indicator of the **physical infrastructure and primary care accessibility** for a population. - The presence and reach of health centers are fundamental to delivering basic healthcare services to the community.

Q: Which of the following statements regarding Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI) are correct? 1. It consolidates infant mortality, life expectancy at age one, and literacy 2. It does not measure economic growth but measures the result of economic policies 3. For each component, the performance of individual countries is placed on a scale of 0-100 Select the correct answer using the code given below:

1, 2 and 3. ***1, 2 and 3*** - The **Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI)** indeed consolidates **infant mortality**, **life expectancy at age one**, and **literacy rate** as its three core components, reflecting key aspects of well-being. - PQLI specifically aims to measure the **outcomes of economic policies** on human well-being rather than economic growth itself, making it a valuable tool for assessing social progress. The PQLI scales each component from **0 to 100**, where 0 represents the worst performance (e.g., highest infant mortality) and 100 represents the best (e.g., lowest infant mortality), allowing for standardized comparison across countries. *1 and 2 only* - This option incorrectly omits the third correct statement regarding the **0-100 scaling** of individual components, which is a fundamental aspect of how the PQLI is calculated and interpreted. - While statements 1 and 2 are accurate individually, they do not encompass all the correct information provided in the question's premise. *1 and 3 only* - This option omits the correct statement that PQLI measures the **results of economic policies** rather than economic growth, which is a crucial distinguishing characteristic of the index. - While statements 1 and 3 are correct, they do not fully capture all the accurate descriptions of the PQLI. *2 and 3 only* - This option incorrectly excludes the first statement, which correctly identifies the three core components of the PQLI: **infant mortality**, **life expectancy at age one**, and **literacy**. - Without including the components, the understanding of PQLI is incomplete, despite accurately describing other features.

Q: In Ayushman Bharat under School Health Services, which of the following is not included?

Providing free spectacles. ***Providing free spectacles*** - Under Ayushman Bharat School Health Services and RBSK (Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram), while **vision screening** is universally implemented, the provision of **free spectacles** is not uniformly guaranteed across all states and depends on fund availability and state-level implementation. - The primary focus remains on **screening and referral**, with spectacle provision being supplementary rather than a core mandated service compared to the other interventions listed. - Unlike the other three services which are universally delivered, free spectacles provision shows **geographic and implementation variability**. *Health check-up/screening* - **Comprehensive health check-ups** and screenings are a mandatory core component of the Ayushman Bharat School Health Program implemented uniformly across all states. - This includes screening for common conditions like **vision problems**, **hearing impairments**, **dental issues**, and growth monitoring. *Albendazole provision* - The administration of **Albendazole** for biannual deworming is a standard, universally implemented practice under the National Deworming Day initiative integrated with School Health Programs. - This is part of a broader strategy to improve the **nutritional status** and overall health of school-going children. *Monthly Iron Folic Acid Supplementation* - **Iron Folic Acid (IFA) supplementation** through the Weekly Iron Folic Acid Supplementation (WIFS) program is a key mandated intervention to combat **anemia** among adolescents (10-19 years). - This is universally implemented through School Health Services and directly contributes to improving **cognitive function** and physical health of students.

Q: At which level is the School Health Service typically provided?

PHC. ***Correct Option: PHC*** - The **Primary Health Centre (PHC)** is the most common and appropriate level for providing the School Health Service. - PHCs serve as the first point of contact for healthcare in India, making them ideal for reaching a large number of schools within their catchment area for **preventive and basic curative care**. - Under the School Health Program (part of Ayushman Bharat initiative), PHCs are designated to provide comprehensive health services to schools in their catchment areas. *Incorrect Option: Subdistrict* - The subdistrict level, which typically includes Community Health Centers (CHCs) and Taluka hospitals, provides more specialized services than PHCs. - While it can support school health programs, it's not the primary or most frequent point of service delivery for routine school health activities. *Incorrect Option: Subcentre* - Subcentres are the most peripheral health facilities, offering basic care and outreach services, often managed by ANMs and ASHA workers. - While they contribute to community health, their capacity is generally limited for comprehensive School Health Services, which often require a broader range of resources available at a PHC. *Incorrect Option: District* - The district level oversees the entire health system within its jurisdiction and provides tertiary or advanced care through district hospitals. - School Health Services are coordinated at this level, but direct provision of routine health checks and services mainly occurs at the more localized PHC level.

Q: Mobile Medical Units (MMUs) under government health programs can operate through different models. Which of the following statements about MMU operations are correct? 1. MMUs are run by the government 2. MMUs are run by external agencies with medical supplies given by the government 3. MMUs are run by the government and medical supplies are also given by the government 4. MMUs are run by external agencies and medical supplies are also given by the external agency

1, 2, and 3. ***1, 2, and 3*** - This option correctly identifies the flexible operational models of **Mobile Medical Units (MMUs)** under government health programs. - MMUs can be directly managed by the **government**, managed by **external agencies** with government-provided supplies, or managed by the government with **government-provided supplies**. *1, 2, 3, and 4* - This option incorrectly includes the scenario where MMUs are run by **external agencies** and medical supplies are also provided by the **external agency**. - While external agencies can run MMUs, government health programs typically ensure that essential medical supplies are provided or funded by the **government** to maintain standardization and accessibility. *1 and 2* - This option is incomplete as it misses the model where both the MMU operation and medical supplies are provided by the **government** (statement 3). - Government health programs often have fully integrated models, especially in remote areas. *Only 1* - This option is too restrictive, as it only includes the model where MMUs are run by the **government**. - MMUs often involve partnerships with **external agencies** for operational efficiency or specialized services.

Q: Which of the following is NOT a function of an eye collection center?

Processing of the donor eyes. ***Processing of the donor eyes*** - **Eye collection centers** focus on the procurement and initial preservation of donor eyes, not the complex laboratory procedures involved in processing. - The actual **processing**, including corneal dissection, evaluation, and preparation for transplantation, is typically performed at specialized **eye banks** or tissue banks. *Arrangement for collection of eyes after death* - A primary function of eye collection centers is to coordinate and facilitate the **retrieval of eyes** from deceased donors, often involving communication with families and healthcare providers. - They ensure that the collection process adheres to ethical guidelines and legal requirements, and that the retrieval occurs within the critical timeframe for tissue viability. *Local publicity* - Eye collection centers are often involved in **raising public awareness** about eye donation and encouraging individuals to become donors. - This publicity can include educational campaigns, community outreach programs, and working with local media to promote the importance of donation. *Registration of voluntary donors* - Eye collection centers play a role in maintaining a registry of individuals who have expressed their intent to donate their eyes after death. - This registration helps ensure that their wishes are honored and facilitates the donation process when the time comes.

Q: Health care made universally accessible to individuals and acceptable to them is called -

Primary health care. ***Primary health care*** - **Primary health care (PHC)** aims to make essential health services **universally accessible** and socially acceptable to individuals and communities. - It emphasizes **equity**, community participation, and appropriate technology to address the main health problems within a community. *Community health care* - This term generally refers to health services provided within a community setting, but it doesn't inherently imply the principles of **universal accessibility** and social acceptability as defined by PHC. - While PHC often takes place in community settings, "community health care" can encompass a broader range of services without the specific philosophical underpinnings of PHC. *Social Medicine* - **Social medicine** is a field that studies how social and economic conditions affect health and disease, and it advocates for societal reforms to improve public health. - It focuses more on the **determinants of health** and systemic issues rather than defining a specific model of healthcare delivery that is universally accessible and acceptable. *Essential health care* - **Essential health care** refers to a set of health services that are deemed fundamental and necessary for a population's well-being. - While PHC aims to provide essential care, simply being "essential" does not automatically imply the **universal accessibility** and social acceptability aspects inherent in the definition of primary health care.

Q: The population norm for a trained health aide is:

1000. ***1000*** - According to public health guidelines, a single **trained health aide** is typically designated to serve a population of approximately **1,000 individuals**. - This staffing level allows for effective outreach, basic health services, and community engagement in primary healthcare. *5000* - A population of **5,000** would generally require multiple health aides or a more comprehensive primary health unit with a larger staff. - This ratio is too high for a single health aide to provide adequate care and coverage. *100000* - A population of **100,000** is far too large for a single trained health aide to manage, requiring an extensive healthcare system with numerous professionals. - This number represents a district or sub-district level population, not the responsibility of one aide. *30000* - Serving **30,000** people would be an impossible task for one health aide, as it far exceeds the standard allocation for community-level health services. - This population size usually necessitates a full-fledged primary health center or hospital.

Q: In implementation of a health programme, best thing to do is -

Discussion with doctors in PHC and implement accordingly. ***Discussion with doctors in PHC and implement accordingly*** - **Primary Healthcare (PHC) doctors** possess critical hands-on knowledge of common health issues, local demographics, and daily health challenges faced by the community. - Their involvement ensures the program is **practically viable** and tailored to the specific needs and resources available at the grassroots level for effective implementation. *Discussion with leaders in community and implement accordingly* - While engaging community leaders is important for acceptance and dissemination, they may lack the **medical expertise** required to design effective and clinically sound health interventions. - Relying solely on leaders might lead to programs that are **socially acceptable but not medically optimal** or comprehensive. *Discussion with people in community and decide according to it* - Involving the community is crucial for program adherence and understanding local needs, but **laypersons** may not have the necessary medical knowledge to make informed decisions about complex health interventions. - Their input is valuable for relevance and acceptance, but medical and public health expertise is required for program design and implementation to ensure **efficacy and safety**. *Discussion and decision taken by the health ministry regarding implementation* - The health ministry sets policies and provides overall strategic direction, but they often lack direct, **on-the-ground understanding** of specific local health issues and implementation challenges. - A top-down approach without involving local healthcare providers can lead to programs that are **not feasible** or effective in the local context.

Question 1

Which of the following are health care delivery indicators?

1. Population per trained birth attendant
2. Population per health/sub centre
3. Doctor-nurse ratio

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Accepted Answer

1, 2 and 3

Answer

2 and 3 only

Answer

1 and 2 only

Answer

1 and 3 only

Question 2

Which of the following statements regarding Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI) are correct?

1. It consolidates infant mortality, life expectancy at age one, and literacy
2. It does not measure economic growth but measures the result of economic policies
3. For each component, the performance of individual countries is placed on a scale of 0-100

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Accepted Answer

1, 2 and 3

Answer

1 and 2 only

Answer

1 and 3 only

Answer

2 and 3 only

Question 3

In Ayushman Bharat under School Health Services, which of the following is not included?

Accepted Answer

Providing free spectacles

Answer

Health check-up/screening

Answer

Albendazole provision

Answer

Monthly Iron Folic Acid Supplementation

Question 4

At which level is the School Health Service typically provided?

Accepted Answer

PHC

Answer

Subdistrict

Answer

Subcentre

Answer

District

Question 5

Mobile Medical Units (MMUs) under government health programs can operate through different models. Which of the following statements about MMU operations are correct?

1. MMUs are run by the government
2. MMUs are run by external agencies with medical supplies given by the government
3. MMUs are run by the government and medical supplies are also given by the government
4. MMUs are run by external agencies and medical supplies are also given by the external agency

Accepted Answer

1, 2, and 3

Answer

1, 2, 3, and 4

Answer

1 and 2

Answer

Only 1

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a function of an eye collection center?

Accepted Answer

Processing of the donor eyes

Answer

Arrangement for collection of eyes after death

Answer

Local publicity

Answer

Registration of voluntary donors

Question 7

Health care made universally accessible to individuals and acceptable to them is called -

Accepted Answer

Primary health care

Answer

Community health care

Answer

Social Medicine

Answer

Essential health care

Question 8

The population norm for a trained health aide is:

Accepted Answer

1000

Answer

5000

Answer

100000

Answer

30000

Question 9

In implementation of a health programme, best thing to do is -

Accepted Answer

Discussion with doctors in PHC and implement accordingly

Answer

Discussion with leaders in community and implement accordingly

Answer

Discussion with people in community and decide according to it

Answer

Discussion and decision taken by the health ministry regarding implementation

Question 10

All of the following are the targets for National Programme for Control of Blindness (NPCB), EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

100% coverage of vitamin A prophylaxis doses from 9 months to 3 years of age

Answer

Development of 50 pediatric ophthalmic units

Answer

Increase cataract surgery rate to 450 operations per lakh population

Answer

Intraocular lens implantation in more than 80 percent cataract surgery cases

Public Health Administration — MCQs

Public Health Administration — MCQs

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