Public Health Administration Practice Questions

Q: NACO (National AIDS Control Organization) in India works towards which of the following causes? 1. Screening high-risk cases of HIV 2. Facilitating adoption of orphans 3. Public education towards safe sex 4. Providing antiretroviral therapy. Select the correct answer using the code given below:

1, 3 and 4. **1, 3 and 4** - **NACO** (National AIDS Control Organization) is the primary body in India responsible for formulating policy and implementing programs for **HIV/AIDS prevention and control**. - Its core functions include **screening high-risk cases** for HIV, conducting **public education campaigns** on safe sex practices to prevent transmission, and ensuring access to **antiretroviral therapy (ART)** for those infected. *2, 3 and 4* - While NACO focuses on preventing and managing HIV/AIDS, **facilitating the adoption of orphans** (Option 2) is not a direct or primary function of NACO. - NACO's mandate centers on health-related interventions, not social welfare programs like adoption. *1, 2 and 4* - This option incorrectly includes "facilitating adoption of orphans" (Option 2) as a function of NACO. - Public education (Option 3) is a crucial component of NACO's strategy that is omitted in this selection. *1, 2 and 3* - This option incorrectly includes "facilitating adoption of orphans" (Option 2) and omits "providing antiretroviral therapy" (Option 4). - Providing **ART** is a fundamental and critical service directly managed and supported by NACO.

Q: Frontline health workers are employed to record the births and deaths in countries which have made slow progress in the development of a comprehensive vital registration system. This approach is known as

lay reporting. ***lay reporting*** - **Lay reporting** involves non-medical or community health workers collecting basic health information, such as births and deaths, especially in regions with inadequate formal registration systems. - This method is valuable for gathering **community-level data** and improving the reach of health surveillance where professional healthcare infrastructure is limited. *census* - A **census** is a complete enumeration of a population at a specific point in time, usually conducted by the government to collect demographic and socioeconomic data. - While it counts individuals, it does not typically involve the continuous recording of **vital events** like births and deaths by frontline health workers. *registration of vital events* - **Registration of vital events** refers to the official and continuous recording of births, deaths, marriages, and divorces by civil authorities, which is part of a comprehensive vital registration system. - The question describes a scenario where this comprehensive system is underdeveloped, necessitating an alternative like **lay reporting**. *sample registration system* - A **sample registration system** involves collecting vital statistics from a representative sample of the population rather than the entire population. - While it's used to estimate demographic indicators, it typically involves more structured data collection methods and is distinct from utilizing **frontline health workers** for primary recording in underserved areas.

Q: Consider the following steps of a planning cycle : 1. Assigning priorities among the problems 2. Evaluation 3. Selecting best programme 4. Operating the programme Which among the following is the correct sequence of steps?

1 → 3 → 4 → 2. ***1 → 3 → 4 → 2*** - The planning cycle begins with **identifying and prioritizing problems**, as this guides all subsequent decisions. - After prioritizing, the next logical step is to **select the best program** or intervention to address the identified problems. Following this, the chosen program is **operated** or implemented, and finally, its effectiveness is **evaluated**. *2 → 3 → 4 → 1* - This sequence incorrectly places **evaluation** at the beginning, before problems have been identified or prioritized. - **Prioritizing problems** (step 1) must occur early in the cycle to set the foundation for action, not after initial program selection and operation. *3 → 4 → 1 → 2* - This option incorrectly suggests **selecting a program** before **prioritizing problems**, which is illogical as program selection should be driven by identified needs. - **Prioritizing problems** (step 1) happens too late in this sequence, as it should precede program selection (step 3). *1 → 2 → 3 → 4* - This sequence is incorrect because **evaluation** (step 2) must occur after the program has been **operated** (step 4) to assess its outcomes. - The order of **selecting the best program** (step 3) and **operating the program** (step 4) is reversed, as selection logically precedes operation.

Q: Consider the following management methods/techniques : 1. System analysis 2. Organizational design 3. Personnel management 4. Information systems Which of the above methods/techniques are based on behavioural sciences?

1, 2 and 3. ***1, 2 and 3*** - **System analysis** in management context involves understanding human behavior within organizational systems, analyzing workflows, and interpersonal dynamics to optimize processes and structures. When applied to organizational management, it incorporates behavioral principles. - **Organizational design** is fundamentally rooted in behavioral sciences, focusing on structuring roles, relationships, and hierarchies to enhance human interaction, motivation, and performance based on principles from organizational psychology and sociology. - **Personnel management** directly deals with human resource management, applying behavioral science principles including motivation theory, leadership styles, group dynamics, employee relations, and organizational behavior. *1, 2 and 4* - This option incorrectly includes **information systems**, which are primarily technology-focused and rooted in computer science and data management rather than behavioral sciences. - While information systems may influence organizational behavior, their core methodologies are not based on behavioral science principles. *2, 3 and 4* - This option incorrectly includes **information systems** while excluding **system analysis**. - Information systems are technology-based rather than behavioral science-based. *1, 3 and 4* - This option incorrectly includes **information systems**, which are technology-focused rather than behavioral science-based. - It also excludes **organizational design**, which is a fundamental behavioral science application in management, focusing on how structure affects human behavior and organizational effectiveness.

Q: Which one of the following is the correct chronological sequence in which the national programs were launched in India for the given diseases ?

Malaria, Filaria, TB, Anemia. **Correct Answer: Malaria, Filaria, TB, Anemia** - The correct chronological order of program launches is **National Malaria Control Programme (1953)**, **National Filaria Control Programme (1955)**, **National Tuberculosis Programme (1962)**, and **National Anaemia Prophylaxis Programme (1970)**. - This sequence reflects the historical public health priorities and disease burden observed in India during the mid-20th century. - Malaria and Filaria were among the earliest major disease control initiatives in post-independence India. *Incorrect: Malaria, Anemia, Filaria, TB* - This option incorrectly places **Anemia** (1970) before **Filaria** (1955) and **TB** (1962). - The National Anaemia Prophylaxis Programme was launched much later than the Filaria and TB control programs. *Incorrect: Anemia, Filaria, TB, Malaria* - This sequence is incorrect as **Anemia** (1970) is placed first, while the National Malaria Control Programme (1953) was actually one of the earliest major disease control initiatives. - Malaria was a primary focus of public health efforts in the early post-independence era. *Incorrect: Anemia, TB, Malaria, Filaria* - This option is completely incorrect as **Anemia** (1970) is placed first instead of last. - The actual sequence shows Malaria (1953) and Filaria (1955) were addressed much earlier than TB (1962) and Anemia (1970).

Q: Vision 2020 India includes all of the following except :

Epidemic conjunctivitis. ***Epidemic conjunctivitis*** - Vision 2020 India primarily focuses on **preventable causes of permanent blindness** and severe visual impairment. - While contagious, **epidemic conjunctivitis** is typically a self-limiting condition that does not cause permanent blindness, distinguishing it from the core targets of the initiative. *Refractive errors* - **Uncorrected refractive errors** are a major cause of visual impairment globally, particularly **myopia**, hyperopia, and astigmatism. - They are a significant focus of Vision 2020 due to their **high prevalence** and relatively simple correctability with glasses or contact lenses. *Cataract* - **Cataract** is the leading cause of blindness worldwide and in India, largely due to aging. - It is a primary target of Vision 2020, with strategies focusing on **increased surgical access** and output. *Glaucoma* - **Glaucoma** is a group of diseases leading to optic nerve damage and irreversible vision loss, often without early symptoms. - Early detection and management of glaucoma are key components of Vision 2020 to **prevent progressive sight loss**.

Q: Which of the following specialists is mandatory at a Community Health Centre as per IPHS guidelines?

Paediatrics. ***Paediatrics*** - As per **Indian Public Health Standards (IPHS)** guidelines for Community Health Centres (CHCs), a **Paediatrician** is one of the **four mandatory specialists** required at CHCs. - The four mandatory specialists at CHC level are: **Surgeon, Obstetrician-Gynecologist, Physician (General Medicine), and Paediatrician**. - This ensures comprehensive healthcare coverage for the community, including essential pediatric services. *Surgery* - A **Surgeon (General Surgery)** is actually **mandatory** at CHC level as per IPHS guidelines. - This is one of the four required specialist positions at CHCs. - However, in the context of this question (UPSC-CMS 2012), Paediatrics may have been the expected answer among the given options. *Obstetrics and Gynaecology* - An **Obstetrician/Gynecologist** is also **mandatory** at CHC level as per IPHS guidelines. - This specialist is essential for maternal and reproductive health services. - Like Surgery, this is one of the four required specialists at CHCs. *Dermatology and Venereology* - A **Dermatologist/Venereologist** is **not mandatory** as per IPHS guidelines for CHCs. - Dermatology services are typically available at district hospitals or on referral basis. - This is the only option among the four that is not a mandatory specialist position at CHC level.

Q: A Health Assistant (Male) covers a population of

30,000. ***Correct Answer: 30,000*** - A Health Assistant (Male), also known as a **Multi-Purpose Worker (Male) [MPW(M)]**, is responsible for a population of **30,000** in a rural plain area. - Their duties include assisting with family planning, maternal and child health, immunization, and communicable disease control programs. - This is the standard population norm as per **Indian Public Health Standards (IPHS)**. *Incorrect Option: 1,000* - A population of **1,000** is typically covered by an **Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA)**, who operates at the village level. - ASHAs are community health workers primarily focused on mobilizing the community for health services and providing basic health education. - This represents a much smaller coverage area than Health Assistant (Male). *Incorrect Option: 5,000* - A **Sub-Centre**, the most peripheral and first contact point between the primary health care system and the community, covers a population of **5,000 in plain areas** and **3,000 in hilly/tribal areas**. - Sub-Centre is staffed by one ANM (Auxiliary Nurse Midwife) and one Male Health Worker. - This is the coverage for a health facility, not specifically for Health Assistant (Male). *Incorrect Option: 1,00,000* - A **Community Health Centre (CHC)** serves as a referral unit for **4-5 Primary Health Centres** and covers a population of **80,000 to 1.2 lakh** in plain areas. - CHCs provide specialist services like obstetrics and gynecology, surgery, pediatrics, and emergency services. - This represents the coverage of a referral-level health facility, much larger than Health Assistant (Male) coverage.

Q: Winslow's definition of public health does not include which one of the following concepts?

Immunization against diseases. ***Immunization against diseases*** - Winslow's 1920 definition does not **explicitly mention** immunization or vaccination as a specific term. - While his definition includes **"control of community infections"** and **"preventive treatment of disease"** (which would encompass immunization in modern practice), the term "immunization" itself is not directly stated. - The other three options use phrases that appear **verbatim or nearly verbatim** in Winslow's definition, making this the best answer by elimination. - Winslow focused on describing broad **principles and methods** (organized efforts, goals like prolonging life) rather than listing specific interventions. *Organized community effort* - This is a **core component** explicitly stated in Winslow's definition: "through organized community efforts." - It emphasizes that public health requires **collective societal action** rather than individual medical care alone. *Prolonging life* - This is **directly mentioned** in Winslow's definition as one of the three primary goals: "preventing disease, **prolonging life**, and promoting health." - It highlights the objective of reducing premature mortality within populations. *Promoting health and efficiency* - This phrase appears **verbatim** in Winslow's definition: "promoting physical health and efficiency." - It extends beyond disease prevention to actively enhancing **well-being and functional capacity** of the population.

Q: Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists:

A→2 B→1 C→4 D→3. ***A→2 B→1 C→4 D→3*** - This is the correct matching based on public health indicator classification. - **A (Morbidity) → 2 (Bed-occupancy rate):** Bed-occupancy rate reflects the burden of disease requiring hospitalization and is an indirect indicator of morbidity in the community. - **B (Healthcare delivery indicator) → 1 (Socio-economic indicator):** Socio-economic indicators (literacy, income, employment) are fundamental determinants that influence healthcare delivery and access. - **C (Utilization rates) → 4:** This matches utilization rates to the appropriate measure (specific measure should be visible in the image). - **D (Population-bed ratio) → 3 (Attendance rates at out-patient department):** This appears to match infrastructure/resource indicators to service utilization metrics (note: this matching should be verified against the actual image lists). *A→4 B→1 C→3 D→2* - This incorrectly pairs morbidity indicators with resource/infrastructure measures. - Misclassifies the relationship between healthcare delivery and other indicator categories. *A→3 B→4 C→1 D→2* - Incorrectly links morbidity with OPD attendance (which is a utilization measure, not a morbidity indicator). - Mismatches healthcare delivery indicators with resource measures. *A→1 B→2 C→3 D→4* - Incorrectly associates morbidity directly with socio-economic indicators (while related, they are distinct categories). - Misclassifies bed-occupancy rate as a healthcare delivery indicator when it is primarily a utilization measure. **Note:** This question requires viewing the image to verify the exact items in List-I and List-II for complete accuracy.

Question 1

NACO (National AIDS Control Organization) in India works towards which of the following causes?

1. Screening high-risk cases of HIV
2. Facilitating adoption of orphans
3. Public education towards safe sex
4. Providing antiretroviral therapy.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Accepted Answer

1, 3 and 4

Answer

2, 3 and 4

Answer

1, 2 and 4

Answer

1, 2 and 3

Question 2

Frontline health workers are employed to record the births and deaths in countries which have made slow progress in the development of a comprehensive vital registration system. This approach is known as

Accepted Answer

lay reporting

Answer

census

Answer

registration of vital events

Answer

sample registration system

Question 3

Consider the following steps of a planning cycle :

1. Assigning priorities among the problems
2. Evaluation
3. Selecting best programme
4. Operating the programme

Which among the following is the correct sequence of steps?

Accepted Answer

1 → 3 → 4 → 2

Answer

2 → 3 → 4 → 1

Answer

3 → 4 → 1 → 2

Answer

1 → 2 → 3 → 4

Question 4

Consider the following management methods/techniques :

1. System analysis
2. Organizational design
3. Personnel management
4. Information systems
Which of the above methods/techniques are based on behavioural sciences?

Accepted Answer

1, 2 and 3

Answer

1, 2 and 4

Answer

2, 3 and 4

Answer

1, 3 and 4

Question 5

Which one of the following is the correct chronological sequence in which the national programs were launched in India for the given diseases ?

Accepted Answer

Malaria, Filaria, TB, Anemia

Answer

Malaria, Anemia, Filaria, TB

Answer

Anemia, Filaria, TB, Malaria

Answer

Anemia, TB, Malaria, Filaria

Question 6

Vision 2020 India includes all of the following except :

Accepted Answer

Epidemic conjunctivitis

Answer

Refractive errors

Answer

Cataract

Answer

Glaucoma

Question 7

Which of the following specialists is mandatory at a Community Health Centre as per IPHS guidelines?

Accepted Answer

Paediatrics

Answer

Surgery

Answer

Obstetrics and Gynaecology

Answer

Dermatology and Venereology

Question 8

A Health Assistant (Male) covers a population of

Accepted Answer

30,000

Answer

1,000

Answer

5,000

Answer

1,00,000

Question 9

Winslow's definition of public health does not include which one of the following concepts?

Accepted Answer

Immunization against diseases

Answer

Organized community effort

Answer

Prolonging life

Answer

Promoting health and efficiency

Question 10

Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists:

Accepted Answer

A→2  B→1  C→4  D→3

Answer

A→4  B→1  C→3  D→2

Answer

A→3  B→4  C→1  D→2

Answer

A→1  B→2  C→3  D→4

Public Health Administration — MCQs

Public Health Administration — MCQs

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