Public Health Administration Practice Questions

Q: Which of the following is the use of Shakir's tape?

Appropriate technology. ***Appropriate technology*** - *Shakir's tape* (or **Mid-Upper Arm Circumference/MUAC tape**) is a simple, **low-cost device** used for screening **acute malnutrition** in children, making it an example of appropriate technology for primary healthcare settings - Appropriate technology refers to tools, techniques, and practices that are **practical, sustainable, and easily adaptable** to local conditions, perfectly describing the utility and design of Shakir's tape - It exemplifies the WHO principle of appropriate technology: simple, affordable, culturally acceptable, and maintainable with local resources *Intersectoral coordination* - This refers to collaboration between different sectors (e.g., health, education, agriculture) to achieve health goals - Shakir's tape is a **diagnostic/screening tool**, not a mechanism for policy coordination - Does not involve the organizational structures or policy dialogue necessary for effective intersectoral action *Equitable distribution* - This principle focuses on fair allocation of resources (e.g., vaccines, drugs, services) - While assessing malnutrition helps prioritize resource distribution, the tape itself is a **screening tool**, not a distribution mechanism - Equitable distribution is driven by **policy and resource management**, whereas the tape is a device used in **clinical assessment** *Community participation* - This involves involving the local population in health planning and implementation - While health workers often use the tape within the community, the tape itself is a **measurement instrument**, not a method for fostering participation - Community participation is achieved through **dialogue, decision-making inclusion**, and volunteerism, not through a specific measuring tool

Q: Eligible couple registers are maintained at which of the following centres?

Sub-centre. ***Sub-centre (Correct Answer)*** - The **sub-centre** is the most peripheral and first contact point between the primary health care system and the community, typically serving 3,000 to 5,000 population - It is the operational unit responsible for maintaining essential household and community registers, including the **Eligible Couple Register**, used for planning and delivering family planning services - The **Auxiliary Nurse Midwife (ANM)** posted at the sub-centre maintains this register as part of grassroots family planning surveillance *PHC (Incorrect)* - A **Primary Health Centre (PHC)** serves a larger population (20,000 to 30,000) and supervises 4-6 sub-centres - Its role is more administrative and higher-level curative care - While the PHC utilizes the data for planning, the actual maintenance of the **Eligible Couple Register** is done at the sub-centre level *CHC (Incorrect)* - A **Community Health Centre (CHC)** functions as a referral center for 4 PHCs, offering specialized services like obstetrics, surgery, and pediatrics - Typically serves 80,000 to 1,20,000 population - CHCs are higher-level referral units and do not maintain ground-level household/couple-specific registers *District Hospital (Incorrect)* - The **District Hospital** is the highest-level facility in the district, focusing on advanced tertiary care, specialist consultation, and training - It is far removed from the grassroots fieldwork and record-keeping required for community health surveillance - Does not maintain individual **Eligible Couple Registers** for specific villages

Q: Which of the following is used to measure the degree of objective and target achievement, and assess the quality of results obtained in a health program?

Evaluation. ***Evaluation*** - **Evaluation** is the specific process used to measure the degree of **objective and target achievement** and assess the **quality and impact** of results obtained in a health program. - It determines the overall **worth and effectiveness** of the program and typically occurs at the end or specific phases to inform future policy. - Evaluation answers: *"Did we achieve what we set out to do, and what was the quality of those results?"* *Monitoring* - **Monitoring** is the periodic oversight of ongoing activities to check if they are proceeding according to schedule and resource utilization (efficiency). - It tracks the **input, process, and output** (activities completed) rather than assessing the final effectiveness or the quality of results (program impact). - Monitoring answers: *"Are activities happening as planned?"* *Surveillance* - **Surveillance** is the continuous, systematic collection and analysis of data, primarily used for **tracking disease trends** and providing early warning. - Its focus is on monitoring health events (e.g., incidence/prevalence), not assessing overall program performance against predefined final objectives. - Surveillance answers: *"What is happening in terms of disease occurrence?"* *Planning* - **Planning** is the initial stage involving defining goals, establishing strategies, and allocating resources, occurring *before* program implementation. - It sets the foundation but does not involve measuring the achievement of targets after the program has run. - Planning answers: *"What do we want to achieve and how?"*

Q: Identify the programme depicted by symbol as given in the image: (Recent NEET Pattern 2016-17)

NVBDCP. **NVBDCP** - The image depicts a family with a child, surrounded by a protective arc, which is the official logo for the **National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP)**. - This programme focuses on controlling vector-borne diseases that affect families and communities, reflecting the protective and public health aspect of the logo. *NPCB* - NPCB stands for the **National Programme for Control of Blindness and Visual Impairment**, which has a distinct logo focused on eyes or vision-related imagery. - The logo in the question does not contain any visual elements related to eyes or vision. *RCH* - RCH stands for **Reproductive and Child Health Programme**, which usually focuses on maternal and child health, often symbolized by a mother and child figure. - While it involves children, the common RCH logos generally emphasize the mother and child in a specific context of reproduction and maternal care, not a general family as shown. *ICDS* - ICDS stands for **Integrated Child Development Services**, aiming at holistic development of young children, pregnant women, and lactating mothers. - Its logo typically features imagery reflecting child development, nutrition, and early childhood care, which is different from the protective family symbol shown.

Q: What is not true about the below given programme?

It is a state sponsored scheme. ***It is a state sponsored scheme*** - The National Programme for Control of Blindness (NPCB) is a **centrally sponsored scheme**, not a state-sponsored scheme. - This means funding and policy direction come from the **central government**, with implementation support at the state level. - Since the question asks "What is not true", this is the **correct answer** as it is the false statement. *It was launched in the year 1976* - The NPCB was actually **launched in 1976**, making this statement true. - The program was initiated to address the high burden of preventable blindness in India. *The blindness prevalence was 1.4% when the scheme was launched* - At its inception in 1976, the estimated **prevalence of blindness** in India was approximately **1.4%**. - One of the primary goals of the NPCB was to reduce this high initial prevalence through cataract surgeries and other eye care interventions. *It comprises a 4 tier structure* - The NPCB operates through a **four-tier organizational structure**: national, state, district, and peripheral levels. - This hierarchical structure ensures effective implementation and delivery of eye care services nationwide.

Q: Which is not true about the organization shown?

Launched in 1987. ***Launched in 1987*** - The **National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO)** was actually established in **1992** as a division of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. - Its formation was a response to the growing HIV/AIDS epidemic in India, five years *after* the first case was reported in the country in 1986. *Group I states = with > 1% HIV infection in high risk groups* - This statement is **true** and accurately describes one of the classifications for states based on HIV prevalence among high-risk groups as defined by NACO. - NACO categorizes states to tailor intervention strategies, with Group I states requiring intense focused interventions due to higher prevalence rates. *RTI/STI clinics are known as "Suraksha clinics"* - This statement is **true**. NACO has indeed branded clinics providing services for **Reproductive Tract Infections (RTIs)** and **Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)** as "Suraksha clinics" (meaning 'protection' clinics). - These clinics are crucial for preventing the spread of HIV by treating co-morbid STIs, which can increase HIV transmission. *Red ribbon clubs are formed in colleges* - This statement is **true**. **Red Ribbon Clubs (RRCs)** are a prominent initiative by NACO, primarily established in colleges and universities. - Their main objective is to spread awareness about HIV/AIDS, promote voluntary blood donation, and instill positive health-seeking behavior among youth.

Q: What does the following symbol represent?

Unique Identification Authority of India. ***Unique Identification Authority of India*** - The image displays the **official logo of Aadhaar**, which is administered by the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI). - The logo features a **fingerprint pattern** and a stylized sun, representing identity and the widespread reach of the Aadhaar program. *National Disaster Management Authority* - The **NDMA logo** typically features a tricolor flag design with a protective hand symbol, focusing on disaster preparedness and response. - Its visual elements are distinctly different from the fingerprint and sun motif shown in the image. *ESI Corporation* - The **Employees' State Insurance Corporation (ESIC) logo** usually includes a caduceus symbol within a circular emblem, emphasizing healthcare and social security. - This symbol does not match the fingerprint design seen in the given image. *UNDP* - The **United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) logo** prominently features a stylized globe and the letters "UNDP," signifying its global development mandate. - This is a distinct international insignia that bears no resemblance to the Indian Aadhaar symbol.

Q: Under which name (brand) does the National AIDS Control Organisation provide the STI/RTI services?

Suraksha Clinic. ***Suraksha Clinic*** - The National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO) provides its **STI/RTI services** under the brand name **Suraksha Clinic**. - These clinics offer confidential testing, treatment, and counseling for sexually transmitted infections and reproductive tract infections, aiming to control their spread. *Chhaya Clinic* - This is not the recognized brand name under which NACO provides STI/RTI services. - **NACO's initiatives** are specifically branded to ensure consistency and public recognition of their health programs. *Antara Clinic* - This is not the correct brand name for NACO's STI/RTI services. - The names of public health initiatives are often chosen to reflect their purpose and are standardized by the implementing organization. *Sathi Clinic* - This is not the designated name for NACO's STI/RTI services. - **Brand recognition** is crucial for public health programs to ensure that individuals seeking specific services can easily identify the correct facilities.

Q: Under the National Leprosy Eradication Programme, ASHAs have been entrusted to which of the following activities ? 1. ASHAs are to search for suspected cases of leprosy in their villages and take them to the PHCs for diagnosis and treatment. 2. ASHAs arrange an amount of ₹ 5,000 as an incentive to each leprosy affected person in their village for undergoing reconstructive surgery. 3. ASHAs ensure that each leprosy affected person in their village receives micro-cellular rubber footwear for protection of insensitive feet. 4. ASHAs follow up all confirmed cases of leprosy in their village to ensure their treatment completion. Select the correct answer using the code given below :

1 and 4 only. ***1 and 4 only*** - ASHAs are actively involved in **community-based surveillance**, including **searching for suspected cases of leprosy** in their villages and referring them to Primary Health Centers (PHCs) for diagnosis and treatment. - They also play a crucial role in ensuring **treatment adherence** by following up on all confirmed cases to ensure **treatment completion**, which is vital for leprosy eradication. *2 and 3 only* - While ASHAs facilitate access to services, their role does not directly include arranging **incentive payments** for reconstructive surgery or directly providing **micro-cellular rubber footwear**. These services are typically handled by other program components or higher levels of the healthcare system. - ASHAs primarily focus on **case detection, referral, and treatment supervision**, not direct financial or material provision for reconstructive surgery incentives or specialized footwear. *1 and 2 only* - ASHAs are indeed involved in **case detection and referral (statement 1)**. - However, they are **not responsible for arranging direct incentive payments (statement 2)** for reconstructive surgery; this falls outside their designated activities within the National Leprosy Eradication Programme. *3 and 4 only* - ASHAs are primarily involved in **follow-up for treatment completion (statement 4)**. - However, their role does not include directly **providing micro-cellular rubber footwear (statement 3)**; this is usually provided through other channels within the healthcare system to support prevention of disabilities.

Q: Which of the following correctly represent the critical determinants of a healthy facility being declared as a First Referral Unit (FRU) ? 1. Availability of emergency obstetric surgical interventions 2. Availability of immunization services 3. Blood storage facility 4. Newborn care Select the correct answer using the code given below :

1, 3 and 4. ***1, 3 and 4*** - A **First Referral Unit (FRU)** is a health facility equipped to provide basic and comprehensive essential obstetric and newborn care services, including **emergency obstetric surgical interventions** (like C-sections), a **blood storage facility**, and comprehensive **newborn care**. - These components are crucial for managing obstetric emergencies and ensuring the survival of mothers and newborns, which defines the core function of an FRU. *1, 2 and 3* - While immunization services are important for public health, they are not a critical determinant for classifying a facility specifically as a **First Referral Unit (FRU)**, which focuses on emergency obstetric and newborn care. - The absence of comprehensive newborn care as a listed determinant makes this option incomplete for FRU criteria. *1, 2 and 4* - This option misses the critical determinant of having a **blood storage facility**, which is essential for managing obstetric hemorrhages and is a core requirement for an FRU. - Again, **immunization services** are not a primary defining characteristic of an FRU. *2, 3 and 4* - This option incorrectly includes **immunization services** as a critical determinant while omitting **emergency obstetric surgical interventions**, which are fundamental to an FRU's ability to handle life-threatening situations during childbirth. - An FRU must be capable of performing C-sections and other emergency surgeries.

Question 1

Which of the following is the use of Shakir's tape?

Accepted Answer

Appropriate technology

Answer

Intersectoral coordination

Answer

Community participation

Answer

Equitable distribution

Question 2

Eligible couple registers are maintained at which of the following centres?

Accepted Answer

Sub-centre

Answer

District hospital

Answer

PHC

Answer

CHC

Question 3

Which of the following is used to measure the degree of objective and target achievement, and assess the quality of results obtained in a health program?

Accepted Answer

Evaluation

Answer

Monitoring

Answer

Surveillance

Answer

Planning

Question 4

Identify the programme depicted by symbol as given in the image: (Recent NEET Pattern 2016-17)

Accepted Answer

NVBDCP

Answer

NPCB

Answer

RCH

Answer

ICDS

Question 5

What is not true about the below given programme?

Accepted Answer

It is a state sponsored scheme

Answer

The blindness prevalence was 1.4 % when the scheme was launched

Answer

It comprises a 4 tier structure

Answer

It was launched in the year 1976

Question 6

Which is not true about the organization shown?

Accepted Answer

Launched in 1987

Answer

Group I states = with > 1% HIV infection in high risk groups

Answer

RTI/STI clinics are known as "Suraksha clinics"

Answer

Red ribbon clubs are formed in colleges

Question 7

What does the following symbol represent?

Accepted Answer

Unique Identification Authority of India

Answer

National Disaster Management Authority

Answer

ESI Corporation

Answer

UNDP

Question 8

Under which name (brand) does the National AIDS Control Organisation provide the STI/RTI services?

Accepted Answer

Suraksha Clinic

Answer

Chhaya Clinic

Answer

Antara Clinic

Answer

Sathi Clinic

Question 9

Under the National Leprosy Eradication Programme, ASHAs have been entrusted to which of the following activities ?

1. ASHAs are to search for suspected cases of leprosy in their villages and take them to the PHCs for diagnosis and treatment.

2. ASHAs arrange an amount of ₹ 5,000 as an incentive to each leprosy affected person in their village for undergoing reconstructive surgery.

3. ASHAs ensure that each leprosy affected person in their village receives micro-cellular rubber footwear for protection of insensitive feet.

4. ASHAs follow up all confirmed cases of leprosy in their village to ensure their treatment completion.

Select the correct answer using the code given below :

Accepted Answer

1 and 4 only

Answer

2 and 3 only

Answer

1 and 2 only

Answer

3 and 4 only

Question 10

Which of the following correctly represent the critical determinants of a healthy facility being declared as a First Referral Unit (FRU) ?

1. Availability of emergency obstetric surgical interventions 
2. Availability of immunization services 
3. Blood storage facility 
4. Newborn care

Select the correct answer using the code given below :

Accepted Answer

1, 3 and 4

Answer

1, 2 and 3

Answer

1, 2 and 4

Answer

2, 3 and 4

Public Health Administration — MCQs

Public Health Administration — MCQs

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