Maternal and Child Health Practice Questions

Q: In the most widespread calculation of Stillbirth Rate, the numerator is defined as foetal deaths weighing 'X' grams or more at birth, during the year. Which one of the following is the correct value for 'X'?

1000. ***1000*** - The international standard for defining a **stillbirth**, for statistical purposes, often uses a cutoff of **1000 grams** or **28 weeks of gestation**. - This weight threshold helps to standardize reporting across different regions and healthcare systems for calculating the **Stillbirth Rate**. *750* - While some classifications might use similar weights for specific research or local definitions, **750 grams** is not the universally accepted weight for stillbirth reporting in the most widespread calculations. - This weight is sometimes used as a lower threshold for viability or extreme prematurity, but not typically for the primary stillbirth definition. *1500* - A weight of **1500 grams** would exclude a significant number of stillbirths that are included under the more widely accepted 1000-gram definition. - This higher threshold would lead to an underestimation of the true stillbirth rate in a population. *500* - A threshold of **500 grams** is often used in the definition of a **fetal death** but not specifically for the widespread calculation of the **Stillbirth Rate**. - Foetal deaths below 1000 grams are often considered early fetal deaths and may be reported separately or not included in the primary stillbirth rate, depending on the specific reporting system.

Q: Under the Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan, the beneficiaries are being provided with a minimum package of antenatal care including certain investigations and drugs on a fixed day of every month. Which day of the month is specified for this purpose?

9th day of the month. ***9th day of the month*** - The **Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan (PMSMA)** specifies the **9th of every month** as the day for providing comprehensive antenatal care to pregnant women. - This fixed day ensures that women can reliably access free antenatal health check-ups and necessary services. *1st day of the month* - The 1st day of the month is not designated for the PMSMA check-ups; a specific date was chosen to streamline the program's implementation. - While other health initiatives may occur on the 1st, **antenatal care under PMSMA** is not among them. *7th day of the month* - The 7th day of the month is not the designated date for the **PMSMA antenatal care package**. - No specific national maternal health program utilizes the 7th day for regular check-ups. *15th day of the month* - The PMSMA program does not specify the 15th day for its antenatal care services; the focus is on a consistent, predictable schedule for beneficiaries. - While mid-month check-ups are generally important, this specific initiative uses a distinct date.

Q: Which of the following strategies were encouraged by the UNICEF under its 'GOBI Campaign'? I. G for growth charts to better monitor child development II. O for oral rehydration to treat all mild and moderate dehydration III. B for better and continuous evaluation of children up to 5 years of age IV. I for immunization against measles, diphtheria, polio, pertussis, tetanus and tuberculosis Select the correct answer using the code given below :

I, II and IV. ***I, II and IV*** - The **GOBI campaign** by UNICEF stands for Growth monitoring, Oral rehydration, Breastfeeding, and Immunization. - Option I (**Growth charts**) and Option IV (**Immunization**) are direct components of the GOBI strategy; Option II (**Oral rehydration**) is also a key part of the strategy, as its second letter 'O' refers to Oral Rehydration. *I, III and IV* - This option incorrectly includes "better and continuous evaluation of children up to 5 years of age" as part of the GOBI campaign, which, while important child health practice, was not a direct component of the acronym. - The 'B' in GOBI specifically stands for **Breastfeeding**, not "better and continuous evaluation," making option III incorrect. *I, II and III* - This option incorrectly includes the detailed interpretation of 'B' as "better and continuous evaluation of children up to 5 years of age." - The actual 'B' in GOBI represents **Breastfeeding**, a crucial intervention for child health and nutrition. *II, III and IV* - This option omits "I. G for **growth charts to better monitor child development**," which is a fundamental component of the GOBI strategy (the 'G' in GOBI). - It also incorrectly interprets 'B' as "better and continuous evaluation," instead of **Breastfeeding**.

Q: Consider the following statements with regard to Home Based Newborn Care (HBNC) : I. Early detection and special care of pre-term newborns is one of the major objectives of HBNC. II. ANM is the main person involved in the delivery of HBNC. III. Supporting the family for adoption of healthy practices helps achieve the key objectives of HBNC. IV. The primary aim of HBNC is to improve newborn survival. Which of the statements given above are correct?

I, III and IV only. ***I, III and IV only*** - **Statement I is CORRECT**: Early detection and special care of **pre-term and low birth weight newborns** is a major objective of HBNC, as preterm birth is a significant risk factor for neonatal morbidity and mortality. - **Statement III is CORRECT**: Supporting families in adopting **healthy practices** like optimal breastfeeding, cord care, thermal regulation, and recognition of danger signs is fundamental to achieving HBNC objectives. - **Statement IV is CORRECT**: The **primary aim of HBNC** is to **improve newborn survival** and reduce neonatal mortality by ensuring essential healthcare services reach every newborn through home visits. - **Statement II is INCORRECT**: **ASHA workers** are the main persons involved in delivering HBNC through home visits (minimum 6 visits for institutional deliveries, more for home deliveries). ANMs provide **supervisory support** but are NOT the primary service deliverers. *I and II only* - Incorrect because statement II is false - **ASHA workers**, not ANMs, are the primary HBNC service providers. *I, II, III and IV* - Incorrect because statement II is false - ANMs supervise HBNC but **ASHA workers** conduct the actual home visits and deliver care. *II and III only* - Incorrect because statement II is false, and statements I and IV (which are correct) are excluded from this option.

Q: The mother of a 14-month-old normally developing baby comes to you for feeding advice. Which of the following would be appropriate for her as per the IMNCI (Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness) Program? I. Breastfeed as often as the child wants II. Keep the child in your lap and feed with your own hands III. Offer food from the family pot IV. Give 3 to 4 meals each day Select the correct answer using the code given below :

I, III and IV. ***I, III and IV*** - The IMNCI guidelines recommend continuing **breastfeeding on demand** up to two years of age or beyond, as it remains an important source of nutrients and immunity for the child. - Feeding from the **family pot** ensures the child is exposed to a variety of foods and is integrated into family eating patterns, and 3-4 meals per day is appropriate for a 14-month-old, providing adequate energy and nutrients. *II, III and IV* - While feeding from the family pot and 3-4 meals per day are correct, the recommendation to keep the child in the lap and feed with one's own hands is not universally applicable or the sole recommended method; promoting responsive feeding involves observing and responding to the child's cues. - The IMNCI guidelines emphasize **responsive feeding practices** where the caregiver observes and responds to the child's hunger and satiety cues rather than a specific physical feeding method. *I, II and IV* - Continuing breastfeeding and providing 3-4 meals per day are correct, but feeding with one's own hands in the lap is not a primary IMNCI guideline for feeding practices, which instead focuses on the quality of food and responsive feeding. - **Offering food from the family pot** is a crucial IMNCI recommendation to ensure dietary diversity and integration into family meals, which is missing from this option. *I, II and III* - While continuing breastfeeding and feeding from the family pot are correct, the explicit instruction to "keep the child in your lap and feed with your own hands" is not a central or universally emphasized IMNCI guideline in the same way as responsive feeding and dietary diversity. - The number of meals per day (3-4) is an important practical aspect of feeding a 14-month-old, which is excluded from this option, making it incomplete.

Q: Which of the following are included as a "Deficiency" under the Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK) ? I. Hypothyroidism II. Vitamin A deficiency III. Anemia IV. Vitamin D deficiency Select the correct answer using the code given below :

II, III and IV. ***II, III and IV*** - The **Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK)** focuses on early identification and management of health conditions in children from birth to 18 years through the **"4Ds" framework**: Defects at birth, Deficiencies, Diseases, and Development delays. - Under **"Deficiencies"**, RBSK specifically includes: - **Vitamin A deficiency** - Causes night blindness and increased infection risk - **Anemia** - Commonly due to iron, folate, or B12 deficiency - **Vitamin D deficiency** - Leads to rickets and bone health issues - **Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM)** - **Hypothyroidism** is classified under **"Diseases"** (along with diabetes, rheumatic heart disease, etc.), NOT deficiencies, making it incorrect for this question. *I, III and IV* - This option incorrectly includes **Hypothyroidism** as a deficiency, when it is actually classified under **"Diseases"** in the RBSK framework. - While Anemia (III) and Vitamin D deficiency (IV) are correctly identified as deficiencies, the inclusion of Hypothyroidism makes this option incorrect. *I, II and IV* - This option incorrectly includes **Hypothyroidism**, which falls under **"Diseases"** rather than deficiencies. - Although Vitamin A deficiency (II) and Vitamin D deficiency (IV) are correct deficiencies, the inclusion of Hypothyroidism disqualifies this option. *I, II and III* - This option incorrectly includes **Hypothyroidism** as a deficiency. RBSK categorizes endocrine disorders like hypothyroidism under **"Diseases"**. - While Vitamin A deficiency (II) and Anemia (III) are correctly identified as deficiencies, the inclusion of Hypothyroidism makes this option inaccurate.

Q: Which of the following are beneficiaries of services provided under the Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS) ? 1. Adolescent boys 2. Adolescent girls 3. Pregnant women 4. Children less than 6 years of age Select the correct answer using the code given below :

2, 3 and 4. ***2, 3 and 4*** - The **Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS)** scheme specifically targets **adolescent girls (11-14 years)**, **pregnant women**, and **children under 6 years of age** as primary beneficiaries. - Services include **supplementary nutrition**, **immunization**, **health check-ups**, **referral services**, **nutrition and health education**, and **pre-school education**. - Adolescent girls were included through the **Scheme for Adolescent Girls (SAG)** to address their nutritional and health needs during the critical growth phase. *1, 2 and 3* - Incorrectly includes **adolescent boys**, who are not primary beneficiaries of ICDS. - The scheme focuses on vulnerable groups with specific nutritional and reproductive health needs. *1, 3 and 4* - Incorrectly includes **adolescent boys** while excluding **adolescent girls**. - Omits **pregnant women**, who are a core beneficiary group receiving antenatal care and nutritional support. *1, 2 and 4* - Incorrectly includes **adolescent boys**. - Omits **pregnant women**, who receive crucial services including antenatal care, nutritional supplementation, and health education through ICDS.

Q: The expected outcome of Government of India's initiative 'SUMAN' is :

Zero preventable maternal and newborn deaths. ***Zero preventable maternal and newborn deaths*** - The **SUMAN (Surakshit Matritva Aashwasan)** initiative aims to provide assured, dignified, and quality healthcare at no cost to every woman and newborn visiting a public health facility. - The ultimate goal of this comprehensive program is to eradicate all **preventable maternal and newborn deaths**, ensuring healthy outcomes for both mother and child. *Limit preventable maternal and newborn deaths to between 1 - 2%* - This percentage represents a reduction target, but not the ultimate aspirational goal of the SUMAN initiative. - The initiative's design emphasizes achieving a state where no preventable deaths occur, rather than settling for a small percentage. *Limit preventable maternal and newborn deaths to between 2 - 5%* - This range of preventable deaths is too high to be considered the desired outcome of such a comprehensive maternal and child health program. - The SUMAN initiative strives for maximum safety and care, making even 2% to 5% an unacceptable target for preventable deaths. *Limit preventable maternal and newborn deaths to between 0.5 - 1%* - While a very low percentage, this still implies that some preventable deaths would be acceptable, which contradicts the core principle of the SUMAN initiative. - The program's foundational premise is that all preventable deaths should be eliminated through quality care and intervention.

Q: The most common cause of maternal mortality in India is

obstetric haemorrhage. ***Obstetric haemorrhage*** - **Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH)** remains the leading **direct cause** of maternal mortality in India and globally - Most commonly results from **uterine atony** (inadequate uterine contraction after delivery), accounting for approximately 70% of PPH cases - Other causes include retained placental tissue, genital tract trauma, and coagulation disorders - Contributes to approximately **30-35%** of maternal deaths in India according to recent SRS data *Unsafe abortion* - Significant contributor to maternal mortality, particularly in regions with limited access to safe abortion services - Complications include **sepsis, hemorrhage, and uterine perforation** - Ranks as the second or third leading cause depending on the data source, but not the most common overall *Toxaemia of pregnancy* - Also known as **pre-eclampsia and eclampsia**, this is an important cause of maternal mortality - Complications include **eclamptic seizures, stroke, HELLP syndrome, and multi-organ failure** - Ranks third to fourth among direct causes of maternal death in India *Obstructed labour* - Can lead to serious complications including **uterine rupture, postpartum hemorrhage, and sepsis** - With improved access to cesarean sections, the contribution to maternal mortality has decreased - Now contributes less to overall maternal mortality compared to hemorrhage

Question 1

In the most widespread calculation of Stillbirth Rate, the numerator is defined as foetal deaths weighing 'X' grams or more at birth, during the year. Which one of the following is the correct value for 'X'?

Accepted Answer

1000

Answer

750

Answer

1500

Answer

500

Question 2

Under the Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan, the beneficiaries are being provided with a minimum package of antenatal care including certain investigations and drugs on a fixed day of every month. Which day of the month is specified for this purpose?

Accepted Answer

9th day of the month

Answer

1st day of the month

Answer

7th day of the month

Answer

15th day of the month

Question 3

Which of the following strategies were encouraged by the UNICEF under its 'GOBI Campaign'?
I. G for growth charts to better monitor child development
II. O for oral rehydration to treat all mild and moderate dehydration
III. B for better and continuous evaluation of children up to 5 years of age
IV. I for immunization against measles, diphtheria, polio, pertussis, tetanus and tuberculosis

Select the correct answer using the code given below :

Accepted Answer

I, II and IV

Answer

I, III and IV

Answer

I, II and III

Answer

II, III and IV

Question 4

Consider the following statements with regard to Home Based Newborn Care (HBNC) :
I. Early detection and special care of pre-term newborns is one of the major objectives of HBNC.
II. ANM is the main person involved in the delivery of HBNC.
III. Supporting the family for adoption of healthy practices helps achieve the key objectives of HBNC.
IV. The primary aim of HBNC is to improve newborn survival.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

Accepted Answer

I, III and IV only

Answer

I and II only

Answer

I, II, III and IV

Answer

II and III only

Question 5

The mother of a 14-month-old normally developing baby comes to you for feeding advice. Which of the following would be appropriate for her as per the IMNCI (Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness) Program?
I. Breastfeed as often as the child wants
II. Keep the child in your lap and feed with your own hands
III. Offer food from the family pot
IV. Give 3 to 4 meals each day

Select the correct answer using the code given below :

Accepted Answer

I, III and IV

Answer

II, III and IV

Answer

I, II and IV

Answer

I, II and III

Question 6

Which of the following are included as a "Deficiency" under the Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK) ?
I. Hypothyroidism
II. Vitamin A deficiency
III. Anemia
IV. Vitamin D deficiency

Select the correct answer using the code given below :

Accepted Answer

II, III and IV

Answer

I, III and IV

Answer

I, II and IV

Answer

I, II and III

Question 7

Consider the following statements:

Statement-I: While calculating the number of expected pregnancies per year in an area, a correction factor (usually 10%) is added to the expected number of live births in the year in the area.

Statement-II: All the pregnancies in the area may not be registered by the health worker in the area. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

Accepted Answer

Statement-I and Statement-II are independently correct, but Statement-II is not a correct explanation for Statement-I.

Answer

Statement-II is incorrect but Statement-I is correct.

Answer

Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect.

Answer

Statement-I and Statement-II are independently correct, and Statement-II is a correct explanation for Statement-I.

Question 8

Which of the following are beneficiaries of services provided under the Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS) ?

1. Adolescent boys 
2. Adolescent girls 
3. Pregnant women 
4. Children less than 6 years of age

Select the correct answer using the code given below :

Accepted Answer

2, 3 and 4

Answer

1, 2 and 3

Answer

1, 3 and 4

Answer

1, 2 and 4

Question 9

The expected outcome of Government of India's initiative 'SUMAN' is :

Accepted Answer

Zero preventable maternal and newborn deaths

Answer

Limit preventable maternal and newborn deaths to between 1 - 2%

Answer

Limit preventable maternal and newborn deaths to between 2 - 5%

Answer

Limit preventable maternal and newborn deaths to between 0.5 - 1%

Question 10

The most common cause of maternal mortality in India is

Accepted Answer

obstetric haemorrhage

Answer

unsafe abortion

Answer

toxaemia of pregnancy

Answer

obstructed labour

Maternal and Child Health — MCQs

Maternal and Child Health — MCQs

On this page

Practice by Chapter

Want unlimited practice?