International Health Practice Questions

Q: According to International Health Regulations, there is no risk of spread of yellow fever if the Aedes aegypti index is kept at

below 1%. ***below 1%*** - The **International Health Regulations (IHR)** specify that a **house index** (percentage of houses infested with *Aedes aegypti* larvae) of **below 1%** is considered sufficient to prevent the spread of yellow fever. - Maintaining this low index is crucial for controlling potential outbreaks in endemic or receptive areas. *2-4%* - An *Aedes aegypti* index in this range (2-4%) indicates a **moderate risk** of yellow fever transmission, as the vector population is still significant enough to facilitate spread. - This level is **above the recommended threshold** for effective prevention according to IHR. *5-7%* - An index between 5-7% signifies an **elevated risk** of yellow fever transmission, indicating a substantial presence of the vector population. - At this level, there is a **high probability** of ongoing or impending disease outbreaks. *8-10%* - An *Aedes aegypti* index of 8-10% represents a **very high risk** of yellow fever spread, suggesting an widespread vector presence. - This range indicates a **strong potential for rapid and extensive disease transmission**.

Q: Which is the correct sequence in increasing order for crude birthrates in the countries named herewith?

Japan, Sri Lanka, India, Nepal. ***Japan, Sri Lanka, India, Nepal*** - This sequence correctly orders the given countries from the lowest to the highest **crude birth rate**. - Japan consistently has one of the lowest birth rates globally due to an aging population and socio-economic factors. Sri Lanka and India follow with moderate birth rates, while Nepal generally has a higher birth rate compared to the others, influenced by factors like rural populations and access to healthcare. *India, Japan, Sri Lanka, Nepal* - This option incorrectly places **India first**, when its birth rate is significantly higher than Japan's and Sri Lanka's. - **Japan's birth rate** is notably lower than India's and Sri Lanka's, making this sequence incorrect. *India, Japan, Nepal, Sri Lanka* - This sequence is incorrect as it places **India first** and has an incorrect relative order between Nepal and Sri Lanka compared to their actual birth rates. - **Japan's birth rate** is the lowest among these countries, so it should be at the beginning of an increasing order, not after India. *Sri Lanka, Japan, Nepal, India* - This option incorrectly places **Sri Lanka first** and misrepresents the relative positions of Japan, Nepal, and India in terms of birth rates. - **Japan has the lowest birth rate** among the listed countries, so it should precede Sri Lanka in an increasing order.

Q: Which of the following agencies are playing a key role in running of the "COVAX" initiative against COVID-19? 1. GAVI, the Vaccine Alliance 2. World Health Organisation (WHO) 3. Ford Foundation 4. Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI)

1, 2 and 4. ***1, 2 and 4*** - **GAVI (the Vaccine Alliance)**, **WHO (World Health Organization)**, and **CEPI (Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations)** are the three official co-leads of the COVAX initiative. - **GAVI** serves as the procurement and delivery coordinator, leveraging its expertise in vaccine distribution in low-income countries. - **WHO** provides global health leadership, regulatory guidance, and ensures alignment with international health standards. - **CEPI** focuses on financing and coordinating vaccine research, development, and manufacturing. - These three organizations formed COVAX in 2020 as part of the Access to COVID-19 Tools (ACT) Accelerator to ensure equitable global access to COVID-19 vaccines. *1, 2 and 3* - While **GAVI** and **WHO** are correctly identified as co-leads, the **Ford Foundation** is not a primary operational partner or co-leader of COVAX. - Ford Foundation may provide philanthropic support, but it does not play a direct key role in running the initiative. - This option incorrectly excludes **CEPI**, which is an essential co-lead responsible for vaccine R&D. *2, 3 and 4* - This option incorrectly excludes **GAVI**, which is one of the three core co-leaders of COVAX. - **GAVI's** role in vaccine procurement and delivery to COVAX is fundamental to the initiative's success. - The **Ford Foundation** is not a key operational agency in running COVAX. *1, 2, 3 and 4* - While **GAVI, WHO, and CEPI** (1, 2, and 4) are the correct co-leads, the **Ford Foundation** is not a primary partner in running COVAX. - Including all four agencies incorrectly elevates the Ford Foundation to the same level as the three official co-leaders.

Q: DANIDA, the international aid agency of Denmark, is known for its assistance to which one of India’s National Health Programmes ?

National Blindness Control Programme. ***National Blindness Control Programme*** - **DANIDA (Danish International Development Agency)** has been a significant international partner providing funding and technical assistance to India’s **National Programme for Control of Blindness (NPCB)** since its inception. - This collaboration aimed at reducing the prevalence of blindness through various interventions, including **cataract surgeries**, development of eye care infrastructure, and training of personnel. *National Tuberculosis Control Programme* - The **National Tuberculosis Control Programme (NTP)**, later restructured as the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (**RNTCP**), received substantial support from organizations such as the **World Bank**, Global Fund, and other bilateral agencies. - DANIDA's primary focus was not on the tuberculosis control program, though general health system strengthening could indirectly benefit all health programs. *National Deafness Control Programme* - The **National Programme for Prevention and Control of Deafness (NPPCD)** is a newer initiative compared to the other programs listed, and its international funding sources are typically distinct. - While international aid agencies often support health initiatives, DANIDA's specific historical and sustained involvement is not primarily with India's deafness control efforts. *National AIDS Control Programme* - The **National AIDS Control Programme (NACP)** has received significant international funding and technical support from organizations such as the **Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (GFATM)**, **UNAIDS**, and the **World Bank**. - DANIDA's contributions have primarily been directed towards other health areas, with its major programmatic support in India being for the control of blindness.

Q: Of the following international agencies, which agency has been assisting India in development of friendly models of sanitation ?

SIDA (Swedish International Development Agency). ***SIDA (Swedish International Development Agency)*** - **SIDA** has been a major development partner with India in the **water and sanitation sector** - Provided significant support for developing **community-friendly sanitation models**, including community-led total sanitation (CLTS) approaches - Their assistance included **technical expertise, financial aid, and capacity building** for sustainable sanitation infrastructure *CARE (Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere)* - **CARE** is a major international humanitarian organization focused primarily on **food security, health, and emergency relief** - While involved in community development, not specifically known for developing sanitation models in India *DANIDA (Danish Development Agency)* - **DANIDA's** major engagements in India have focused on **renewable energy, environmental protection, and poverty reduction** - While supporting general water and sanitation projects, not the leading agency for developing specific sanitation models in India *Ford Foundation* - A philanthropic organization focused on **social justice, education, and civil society building** - In India, primarily supports **NGOs and policy reforms** rather than direct development of sanitation infrastructure

Q: With reference to International Certificate of Vaccination for Yellow Fever, the validity of the certificate begins how many days after the vaccination?

10 days. ***10 days*** - The **International Certificate of Vaccination** for **yellow fever** becomes valid 10 days after the primary vaccination. This 10-day period aligns with the time needed for the immune system to develop a protective response. - This regulation ensures that individuals traveling to **yellow fever endemic areas** have sufficient immunity to prevent disease transmission and protect themselves. *14 days* - This is an incorrect timeframe; the specified waiting period for the **yellow fever vaccine** certificate to become valid is not 14 days. - While immune responses can develop over varying periods, the international regulation specifically states a shorter interval for certificate validity. *20 days* - This timeframe is longer than the internationally recognized period for the validity of the **yellow fever vaccination certificate** to commence. - A 20-day waiting period would cause unnecessary delays for travelers, as adequate protection is generally achieved earlier. *5 days* - Five days is too short a period for the body to mount a sufficient and recognized **immune response** to the **yellow fever vaccine**. - A shorter waiting period might lead to a false sense of security, as full protection may not yet be established, increasing the risk of infection.

Q: Sustainable Development Goals are designed by:

United Nations. ***United Nations*** - The **Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)** were developed and adopted by all United Nations Member States in 2015 as a universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure that all people enjoy peace and prosperity by 2030. - They build upon the success of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and address global challenges, including those related to poverty, inequality, climate change, environmental degradation, peace, and justice. *WHO* - The **World Health Organization (WHO)** is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health. - While WHO plays a crucial role in implementing health-related SDGs (specifically SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being), it did not design the entire framework of all 17 SDGs. *UNICEF* - **UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund)** is a United Nations agency dedicated to providing humanitarian and developmental aid to children worldwide. - UNICEF contributes significantly to achieving several SDGs, particularly those focused on children's well-being, education, and health, but it was not the sole designer of the SDGs. *Government of India* - The **Government of India** is a sovereign government responsible for governing India. - While India is a member state of the United Nations and is committed to achieving the SDGs within its national context, it did not design the global framework of the Sustainable Development Goals.

Q: Main focus of UNICEF is on?

Child health. ***Child health*** - UNICEF's primary mission focuses on advocating for the protection of children's rights, helping to meet their basic needs, and expanding their opportunities to reach their full potential. - This encompasses various aspects of child welfare, with **child health** being a fundamental and overarching priority. *Social health* - While UNICEF's work indirectly contributes to **social health** by fostering community well-being, its direct and explicit focus is not primarily on the broader concept of social health. - Social health is a very broad term that encompasses many aspects not directly and exclusively dealt with by UNICEF. *Mental health* - **Child mental health** is an increasingly recognized area of focus for UNICEF, but it falls under the broader umbrella of child health and well-being, rather than being its sole or main focus. - While important, mental health is a component of overall child health, not the singular main focus. *Nutritional health* - **Nutritional health** is a critical component of child health and a significant area of intervention for UNICEF. - However, it represents one vital aspect within the comprehensive scope of "child health," not the exclusive main focus.

Question 1

According to International Health Regulations, there is no risk of spread of yellow fever if the Aedes aegypti index is kept at

Accepted Answer

below 1%

Answer

2-4%

Answer

5-7%

Answer

8-10%

Question 2

Which is the correct sequence in increasing order for crude birthrates in the countries named herewith?

Accepted Answer

Japan, Sri Lanka, India, Nepal

Answer

India, Japan, Sri Lanka, Nepal

Answer

India, Japan, Nepal, Sri Lanka

Answer

Sri Lanka, Japan, Nepal, India

Question 3

Which of the following agencies are playing a key role in running of the "COVAX" initiative against COVID-19?

1. GAVI, the Vaccine Alliance
2. World Health Organisation (WHO)
3. Ford Foundation
4. Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI)

Accepted Answer

1, 2 and 4

Answer

1, 2 and 3

Answer

2, 3 and 4

Answer

1, 2, 3 and 4

Question 4

DANIDA, the international aid agency of Denmark, is known for its assistance to which one of India’s National Health Programmes ?

Accepted Answer

National Blindness Control Programme

Answer

National Tuberculosis Control Programme

Answer

National Deafness Control Programme

Answer

National AIDS Control Programme

Question 5

Of the following international agencies, which agency has been assisting India in development of friendly models of sanitation ?

Accepted Answer

SIDA (Swedish International Development Agency)

Answer

CARE (Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere)

Answer

DANIDA (Danish Development Agency)

Answer

Ford Foundation

Question 6

Which one of the following indicators is not included in Millennium Development Goals?

Accepted Answer

T.B. death rate per 100,000 children (0 – 4 years of age)

Answer

Maternal mortality ratio

Answer

Suicide rate per 100,000 population

Answer

Under five mortality rate

Question 7

With reference to International Certificate of Vaccination for Yellow Fever, the validity of the certificate begins how many days after the vaccination?

Accepted Answer

10 days

Answer

14 days

Answer

20 days

Answer

5 days

Question 8

According to WHO International Health Regulations, which disease requires immediate notification due to its epidemic potential and international spread risk?

Accepted Answer

Yellow fever

Answer

Malaria

Answer

HIV

Answer

Polio

Question 9

Sustainable Development Goals are designed by:

Accepted Answer

United Nations

Answer

WHO

Answer

UNICEF

Answer

Government of India

Question 10

Main focus of UNICEF is on?

Accepted Answer

Child health

Answer

Social health

Answer

Mental health

Answer

Nutritional health

International Health — MCQs

International Health — MCQs

On this page

Practice by Chapter

Want unlimited practice?