NEET-PG 2020 Practice Questions

Q: Which of the following is a remnant of the Wolffian duct in females?

Gartner’s cyst. ***Gartner’s cyst*** - **Gartner's cysts** are remnants of the **Wolffian duct (mesonephric duct)** in females [3]. These ducts normally regress in females but can persist as vestigial structures [3]. - They typically present as cysts or small ducts along the lateral walls of the vagina or in the broad ligament [2], [3]. *Pouch of Douglas* - The **Pouch of Douglas (rectouterine pouch)** is a peritoneal recess located between the rectum and the uterus, not a remnant of the Wolffian duct [2]. - It is formed during development as the peritoneum drapes over the pelvic organs. *Uterovesical pouch* - The **uterovesical pouch** is a peritoneal reflection located between the uterus and the bladder, separate from the Wolffian duct remnants [1]. - Like the Pouch of Douglas, it is a normal anatomical space formed by the arrangement of the peritoneum in the pelvis. *Broad ligament* - The **broad ligament** is a wide fold of peritoneum that supports the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. It is not a remnant of the Wolffian duct itself, though Wolffian duct remnants (like Gartner's ducts) can sometimes be found within it [3]. - It serves as a mesentery for the reproductive organs, connecting them to the lateral walls of the pelvis.

Q: What poison will you detect in the skeleton even after decomposition

Arsenic. ***Arsenic*** - **Arsenic** has a high affinity for **keratin-rich tissues** like hair, nails, and skin, and also gets incorporated into bones. - Its presence in the skeleton and other tissues can be detected long after death, even in cases of **emaciation** or advanced decomposition. *Lead* - **Lead** primarily accumulates in **bones** due to its chemical similarity to calcium, where it can reside for decades. - While detectable in the skeleton, arsenic is often considered in forensic toxicology when looking for poisons in highly decayed remains due to its long-term persistence in various tissues. *Mercury* - **Organic mercury** forms, like **methylmercury**, primarily accumulate in the **brain and kidneys**, and to a lesser extent in hair and nails. - While some inorganic forms can be found in bone, its persistence and detectability in the skeleton after significant decomposition are generally less prominent than arsenic. *Cadmium* - **Cadmium** preferentially accumulates in the **kidneys and liver**, with a smaller proportion stored in bones. - While it can be detected in bone, its persistence in decayed remains and diagnostic significance as a poison in the skeleton is not as universal as arsenic.

Q: Which of the following is commonly seen in Pituitary apoplexy?

Headache. ***Headache*** - **Severe headache** is the most common symptom of pituitary apoplexy, resulting from the sudden expansion of a pituitary mass due to hemorrhage or infarction [1]. - The rapid increase in pressure within the sella turcica, especially on the **dura mater**, causes intense pain. *Hypertension* - While stress can elevate blood pressure, **hypertension** is not a characteristic or direct symptom of acute pituitary apoplexy itself. - Instead, the condition often leads to **adrenal insufficiency**, which is associated with hypotension [1]. *Hypotension* - **Hypotension** is a common and serious manifestation of pituitary apoplexy, often due to acute **adrenal insufficiency** caused by the destruction of ACTH-producing cells [1]. - Reduced ACTH leads to decreased cortisol production, impairing vascular tone and fluid balance. *Vomiting* - **Vomiting** is a common symptom in pituitary apoplexy, often accompanying the severe headache. - It results from the increased **intracranial pressure** and irritation of pathways in the brainstem.

Q: Which antibody is not transmitted from mother to baby?

IgA antibodies. ***IgA antibodies*** - While IgA is found in breast milk and provides **passive immunity** to the infant's gastrointestinal tract, it is **not transferred across the placenta** to the fetus. - This antibody has a larger molecular structure and is primarily involved in **mucosal immunity**, making it unsuitable for transplacental transfer. *Diphtheria IgG antibodies* - **IgG antibodies**, including those for diphtheria, are actively transported across the **placenta** from mother to fetus during the third trimester. - This transfer provides the newborn with **passive immunity** against diphtheria during the first few months of life. *Tetanus IgG antibodies* - Similar to diphtheria IgG, **tetanus IgG antibodies** are efficiently transported across the **placenta** from mother to baby. - This offers crucial **passive protection** against tetanus, particularly important after birth. *Measles IgG antibodies* - **Measles IgG antibodies** from a vaccinated or previously infected mother cross the **placenta** to the fetus. - This maternal transfer provides temporary **passive immunity** to the newborn against measles.

Q: What will be the Hysterosalpingogram (HSG) finding?

Hydrosalpinx. ***Hydrosalpinx*** - The image, likely a hysterosalpingogram (HSG), shows a **dilated and fluid-filled fallopian tube** with no spillage of contrast into the peritoneal cavity, which is characteristic of hydrosalpinx. - The **contrast media fills the tubal lumen** but is unable to egress, indicating distal tubal obstruction and fluid accumulation. *Cornual block* - A cornual block would present as **obstruction at the uterine ostium** of the fallopian tube, preventing contrast from entering the tubal lumen. - In this image, contrast has clearly entered and dilated the fallopian tube, ruling out a cornual block. *Normal findings* - Normal HSG findings would show **patent fallopian tubes** with free spill of contrast into the peritoneal cavity. - The visible **dilation** and **lack of spill** in the image are distinctly abnormal. *Bicornuate uterus* - A bicornuate uterus is a **congenital uterine anomaly** characterized by two separate uterine horns. - While the uterus appears somewhat irregular, the dominant feature is the dilated fallopian tube, which is not a hallmark of a bicornuate uterus.

Q: A 35-year-old female experiences a tingling sensation in her arm after watching TV for long hours with her hands under her head. Which type of nerve fibers is most likely to be affected due to this position?

A-beta (Aβ) sensory nerve fibers. ***A-beta (Aβ) sensory nerve fibers*** - The tingling sensation (paresthesia) described is a classic symptom of **A-beta fiber compression**. - **A-beta fibers** are large, myelinated sensory fibers that transmit light touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception. - These fibers are **most susceptible to mechanical compression** due to their position and structure. - Positioning the hands under the head for extended periods compresses superficial nerves, causing temporary A-beta fiber dysfunction, which manifests as the characteristic "pins and needles" sensation. *B-fibers (autonomic)* - **B-fibers** are preganglionic autonomic fibers that mediate visceral functions, such as organ control and glandular secretions. - Compression of these fibers would lead to symptoms related to autonomic dysfunction (e.g., changes in sweating, blood pressure), not a tingling sensation in the arm. *C-fibers (pain and temperature)* - **C-fibers** are unmyelinated fibers that transmit slow, dull, aching pain and contribute to temperature sensation. - They are **less susceptible to compression** than larger myelinated fibers. - The primary sensation described (tingling/paresthesia) is characteristic of large myelinated fiber (A-beta) dysfunction, not C-fiber involvement. *Sympathetic nerve fibers* - **Sympathetic nerve fibers** regulate involuntary functions like heart rate, blood pressure, and sweating. - Their compression would cause symptoms such as changes in skin temperature, altered sweating, or blood vessel constriction (Horner's syndrome if severe), not a tingling sensation.

Q: Which of the following is referred to as the "Window of the limbic system"?

Thalamus. ***Thalamus*** - The thalamus is often referred to as the **"relay station"** of the brain, processing and relaying most **sensory information** (except smell) to the cerebral cortex. - Due to its extensive connections with various limbic structures and its role in integrating and filtering emotional and motivational information before it reaches conscious awareness, it's considered the **"window of the limbic system"**. *Hypothalamus* - The hypothalamus primarily controls **autonomic functions** and maintains **homeostasis**, such as regulating temperature, hunger, thirst, and sleep cycles. - While it has strong connections with the limbic system, its main role is executive autonomic control rather than sensory integration. *Amygdala* - The amygdala is critically involved in processing **emotions**, particularly **fear** and **aggression**, and plays a key role in emotional memory. - It's a central component *within* the limbic system, but it doesn't serve as a general window or relay for the entire system's input. *Hippocampus* - The hippocampus is primarily responsible for **memory formation** (especially new episodic memories) and spatial navigation. - It is an important limbic structure, but its function is more specific to memory rather than being a gateway for broader limbic system activity.

Q: What is the reflex in which there is inhibition of gastric emptying when there is acid and hypertonic solution in the duodenum?

Enterogastric. ***Enterogastric*** - The **enterogastric reflex** is initiated when the duodenum detects the presence of acid and hypertonic solutions, signifying that the chyme is not yet ready for further digestion and absorption. - This reflex inhibits **gastric emptying** to allow more time for the stomach to process its contents and for the duodenum to neutralize the acid and dilute the hypertonic solution. *Gastroileal* - The **gastroileal reflex** increases motility in the ileum when the stomach is distended, facilitating the movement of chyme into the large intestine. - This reflex does not primarily involve the inhibition of gastric emptying due to duodenal contents. *Gastrocolic* - The **gastrocolic reflex** increases the motility of the colon in response to the stretching of the stomach by food. - Its main function is to prepare the large intestine for upcoming chyme and does not directly inhibit gastric emptying. *Myenteric* - The **myenteric plexus** (Auerbach's plexus) is a network of neurons located between the longitudinal and circular layers of the muscularis propria throughout the gastrointestinal tract. - While it plays a crucial role in controlling gut motility and is involved in numerous reflexes, it refers to a neural plexus rather than a specific reflex mechanism for inhibiting gastric emptying due to duodenal stimuli.

Question 1

Which of the following is a remnant of the Wolffian duct in females?

Accepted Answer

Gartner’s cyst

Answer

Pouch of Douglas

Answer

Uterovesical pouch

Answer

Broad ligament

Question 2

What poison will you detect in the skeleton even after decomposition

Accepted Answer

Arsenic

Answer

Lead

Answer

Mercury

Answer

Cadmium

Question 3

Which of the following is commonly seen in Pituitary apoplexy?

Accepted Answer

Headache

Answer

Hypertension

Answer

Hypotension

Answer

Vomiting

Question 4

What is the cause of loss of pain and temperature sensation on the ipsilateral face and contralateral body due to thrombosis?

Accepted Answer

Thrombosis of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)

Answer

Thrombosis of the superior cerebellar artery

Answer

Thrombosis of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA)

Answer

Thrombosis of the posterior cerebral artery

Question 5

Which antibody is not transmitted from mother to baby?

Accepted Answer

IgA antibodies

Answer

Tetanus IgG antibodies

Answer

Diphtheria IgG antibodies

Answer

Measles IgG antibodies

Question 6

What will be the Hysterosalpingogram (HSG) finding?

Accepted Answer

Hydrosalpinx

Answer

Cornual block

Answer

Normal findings

Answer

Bicornuate uterus

Question 7

A 35-year-old female experiences a tingling sensation in her arm after watching TV for long hours with her hands under her head. Which type of nerve fibers is most likely to be affected due to this position?

Accepted Answer

A-beta (Aβ) sensory nerve fibers

Answer

B - fibers (autonomic)

Answer

C - fibers (pain and temperature)

Answer

Sympathetic nerve fibers

Question 8

Which of the following is referred to as the "Window of the limbic system"?

Accepted Answer

Thalamus

Answer

Hypothalamus

Answer

Hippocampus

Answer

Amygdala

Question 9

What is the reflex in which there is inhibition of gastric emptying when there is acid and hypertonic solution in the duodenum?

Accepted Answer

Enterogastric

Answer

Gastroileal

Answer

Gastrocolic

Answer

Myenteric

Question 10

Which statement about retrosternal goiter is correct?

Accepted Answer

CT chest is recommended for evaluation of retrosternal goiter.

Answer

Surgery should be avoided in all cases.

Answer

All patients require surgical intervention.

Answer

Blood supply primarily comes from the thyroid arteries.

NEET-PG 2020

Anatomy

Forensic Medicine

Internal Medicine

Microbiology

Obstetrics and Gynecology

Physiology

Surgery