NEET-PG 2019 Practice Questions

Q: All of the following are examples of Dietary fibre except for which of the following?

Starch. ***Correct: Starch*** - **Starch** is a **polysaccharide** that serves as a **storage carbohydrate** in plants and is readily digestible by human enzymes, breaking down into glucose. - While it's a carbohydrate found in plant foods, it does not fit the definition of dietary fibre which is generally resistant to human digestive enzymes. *Incorrect: Pectin* - **Pectin** is a type of **soluble dietary fibre** found in fruits, particularly apples and citrus. - It forms a gel in water, contributing to satiety and helping to **lower cholesterol** and **regulate blood sugar**. *Incorrect: Lignin* - **Lignin** is a **non-carbohydrate dietary fibre** that provides structural support in plants. - It is an **insoluble fibre** and is resistant to breakdown by digestive enzymes, aiding in bulk formation in stool. *Incorrect: Cellulose* - **Cellulose** is a major component of **plant cell walls** and is a type of **insoluble dietary fibre**. - It adds bulk to stool, promoting regularity and preventing constipation.

Q: A child presents with a rash in the neck folds as shown in the image. The area appears erythematous with satellite lesions and maceration. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Intertrigo. ***Intertrigo*** - The image shows a reddened, inflamed rash in skin folds (neck creases), which is characteristic of **intertrigo**. This condition results from skin-on-skin friction, moisture, and warmth. - The rash appears to have satellite lesions and a somewhat macerated appearance, which would be consistent with secondary fungal (e.g., Candida) or bacterial infection, common complications of intertrigo. *Heat rash* - **Heat rash (miliaria)** typically presents as small, itchy red bumps or clear blisters, often found in areas prone to sweating. - While it can occur in skin folds, the diffuse, raw-looking erythema and presence of potential satellite lesions shown in the image are less typical for simple heat rash. *Eczema* - **Eczema (atopic dermatitis)** is characterized by dry, itchy, inflamed skin, often with scaling, crusting, or lichenification during chronic stages. - While eczema can affect skin folds, the appearance in the image (intense redness, maceration, potential satellite lesions) is more suggestive of an irritant or infectious process like intertrigo rather than typical eczema. *Impetigo* - **Impetigo** is a bacterial skin infection characterized by honey-colored crusts, vesicles, or bullae, typically appearing anywhere on the body, especially around the nose and mouth. - The rash in the image lacks the characteristic honey-colored crusts or vesiculobullous lesions associated with impetigo.

Q: A 6-year-old boy presents with fever and chills, cough, rapid breathing, difficulty breathing, and chest pain. A culture from a respiratory sample shows Gram-positive bacteria. What is the most likely organism causing this infection?

Streptococcus pneumoniae. ***Streptococcus pneumoniae*** - This clinical picture describes typical symptoms of **pneumonia** in a child, including fever, cough, rapid and difficult breathing, and chest pain. - **_Streptococcus pneumoniae_** is the most common bacterial cause of community-acquired pneumonia in children. The respiratory sample showing gram-positive bacteria further supports this. *Staphylococcus aureus* - While **_Staphylococcus aureus_** can cause pneumonia, it is less common than _Streptococcus pneumoniae_ in community-acquired cases in healthy children and often associated with more severe, necrotizing forms or post-viral infections. - While it is a **Gram-positive bacterium**, its clinical presentation would not be the most likely first choice for typical pneumonia symptoms in this age group. *Propionibacterium acnes* - **_Propionibacterium acnes_** (now *Cutibacterium acnes*) is primarily associated with **acne vulgaris** and, less commonly, opportunistic infections related to implanted devices or some rare soft tissue infections. - It is not a typical cause of primary respiratory infections like pneumonia. *Streptococcus pyogenes* - **_Streptococcus pyogenes_** (Group A Streptococcus) is known for causing **pharyngitis** (strep throat), skin infections (impetigo, cellulitis), and scarlet fever. - While it can rarely cause pneumonia, it is not a common cause, and the constellation of symptoms points more strongly to _Streptococcus pneumoniae_.

Q: What is the causative organism for the condition depicted in the image?

Staphylococci. ***Staphylococci*** - The image shows **impetigo** with **crusted lesions**, consistent with **_Staphylococcus aureus_** infection. - **Staphylococcus aureus** is a major causative organism of impetigo, particularly **bullous impetigo**, and commonly produces the characteristic **honey-colored crusts** seen in non-bullous forms as well. - This superficial bacterial skin infection is highly contagious and responds well to topical or systemic antibiotics. *Candidal infection* - **Candidal infections** (e.g., candidiasis) typically present as **erythematous patches** with satellite lesions, or white plaques in mucosal areas, which is not consistent with the image. - This fungal infection is often seen in immunocompromised individuals or in warm, moist skin folds, not as crusted superficial lesions. *Streptococcus* - While **_Streptococcus pyogenes_** can also cause impetigo (especially non-bullous impetigo), the clinical presentation in the image is most consistent with **staphylococcal infection**. - Streptococcal infections may present similarly but can also cause other conditions like cellulitis or erysipelas with distinct features. *Actinomycetes* - **Actinomycosis** is a rare, chronic bacterial infection that forms **abscesses and sinus tracts**, often with "sulfur granules," which is distinct from the superficial skin lesions shown. - This infection usually involves deeper tissues and presents as a chronic, indolent infection, unlike the acute superficial presentation of impetigo.

Q: Which of the following statement is correct about acute fatty liver of pregnancy?

Mostly seen in last trimester. ***Mostly seen in last trimester*** - **Acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP)** typically manifests in the **third trimester** (weeks 28-40) of gestation or in the immediate postpartum period. - This timing is due to the increased metabolic demands on the liver during late pregnancy, which can exacerbate underlying defects in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. *Occurs in 1 in 1000 pregnancies* - AFLP is a **rare** obstetric complication, occurring in approximately **1 in 7,000 to 1 in 16,000** pregnancies, not 1 in 1000. - The incidence of 1 in 1000 would make it far too common and is incorrect. *Not related to the gender of the fetus* - AFLP has been observed to have a higher incidence in pregnancies involving a **male fetus**. - This association is thought to be related to differences in fetal steroid metabolism or the demands placed on maternal liver function by the male fetus. *May be associated with decreased uric acid* - AFLP is typically associated with **elevated serum uric acid levels** (hyperuricemia), not decreased levels. - Other typical findings include elevated liver enzymes, bilirubin, and sometimes severe hypoglycemia.

Q: Bimanual grip is seen at what age?

6 months. ***6 months*** - **Bimanual grip**, which involves using both hands to grasp an object, typically develops around **6 months of age**. - This milestone marks the ability to bring objects to the midline and use both hands cooperatively. *4 months* - At **4 months**, infants typically start to reach for objects with one hand but do not yet consistently demonstrate a coordinated **bimanual grip**. - They are more likely to swipe at objects or grasp with a **primitive palmar grasp** in one hand. *5 months* - While infants at **5 months** show increasing dexterity and may bring objects to the midline, a full, consistent **bimanual grip** is usually not yet firmly established. - They are moving towards this skill but have not fully mastered it. *7 months* - By **7 months**, infants have typically refined their grasping skills, including transferring objects from hand to hand and using a **bimanual grip**. - This age is usually past the initial emergence of this specific skill.

Q: The Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) is used for which of the following?

Delirium. ***Delirium*** - The Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) is a widely used and highly sensitive and specific tool for the rapid identification of **delirium**. - It assesses for acute onset and fluctuating course, inattention, disorganized thinking, and altered level of consciousness. *Schizophrenia* - Schizophrenia is a chronic mental health disorder primarily characterized by **psychosis**, including hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thought. - While patients with schizophrenia can experience cognitive difficulties, specialized scales like the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) are used, not the CAM. *Dementia* - Dementia is a gradual and progressive decline in cognitive function, including memory, thinking, and reasoning, severe enough to interfere with daily life. - Tools like the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) or Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) are used for screening and assessing dementia, not the CAM. *Depression* - Depression is a mood disorder characterized by persistent sadness, loss of interest, and other emotional and physical symptoms. - Assessment tools like the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) or Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) are used for depression.

Q: Identify the radiological procedure shown in the image?

Barium meal follow through. ***Barium meal follow through*** - The image shows opacification of the stomach and the entire small bowel loops via oral uptake of a contrast agent, which is characteristic of a **barium meal follow-through**. - This procedure tracks the passage of **barium** from the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum, through the jejunum and ileum, to assess the **small intestine's morphology and function**. *Barium enema* - A **barium enema** involves introducing contrast material rectally to visualize the **colon and rectum**, which is not depicted in this image. - The primary structures opacified in a barium enema are the **large intestine**, not the stomach and small bowel as seen here. *Enteroclysis* - **Enteroclysis** is a specialized study of the small bowel where contrast is directly instilled into the **duodenum** or **proximal jejunum** via a nasoenteric tube. - While it visualizes the small bowel, the image shows oral contrast progression from the stomach, not direct jejunal intubation. *Proctography* - **Proctography**, also known as defecography, is a dynamic study focused specifically on the **rectum and anal canal** during defecation. - This procedure is highly specific to the distal gastrointestinal tract for assessing anorectal function and does not visualize the stomach or extensive small bowel loops.

Q: Most common type of gallstone is?

Pure cholesterol stones. ***Mixed stones*** - Mixed gallstones, typically composed of **cholesterol** and **pigment**, are the most prevalent type, accounting for about 70-80% of cases [1]. - They are often associated with **biliary stasis** and **inflammation**, contributing to their formation. *Pigment stones* - Pigment stones are less common, usually representing about 10-20% of gallstones [1]. They are primarily formed from **bilirubin** and are associated with conditions causing **hemolysis**. - They may lead to **complications**, but their overall incidence is lower compared to mixed stones. *Calcium bilirubinate* - These stones are a type of **pigment stone**, formed in conditions like chronic hemolytic anemia, but they are relatively rare overall [1]. - They specifically result from **excess bilirubin**, unlike the mixed stones' composition which includes **cholesterol**. *Pure cholesterol stones* - Pure cholesterol stones occur in about 10-15% of cases, developing primarily due to **supersaturation of cholesterol** in bile. - They are less common than mixed stones and typically present as **large, yellowish stones** in the gallbladder.

Question 1

All of the following are examples of Dietary fibre except for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Starch

Answer

Pectin

Answer

Lignin

Answer

Cellulose

Question 2

A child presents with a rash in the neck folds as shown in the image. The area appears erythematous with satellite lesions and maceration. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Intertrigo

Answer

Heat rash

Answer

Eczema

Answer

Impetigo

Question 3

A 6-year-old boy presents with fever and chills, cough, rapid breathing, difficulty breathing, and chest pain. A culture from a respiratory sample shows Gram-positive bacteria. What is the most likely organism causing this infection?

Accepted Answer

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer

Streptococcus pyogenes

Answer

Staphylococcus aureus

Answer

Propionibacterium acnes

Question 4

What is the causative organism for the condition depicted in the image?

Accepted Answer

Staphylococci

Answer

Candidal infection

Answer

Streptococcus

Answer

Actinomycetes

Question 5

Which of the following statement is correct about acute fatty liver of pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Mostly seen in last trimester

Answer

May be associated with decreased uric acid

Answer

Occurs in 1 in 1000 pregnancies

Answer

Not related to the gender of the fetus

Question 6

Which statement is incorrect about the pathology of the bone tumor?

Accepted Answer

Chemotherapy is the treatment of choice for all bone tumors.

Answer

Tumor has distinct margin

Answer

Tumor arises from epiphyseal to metaphyseal region

Answer

Eccentric lesion

Question 7

Bimanual grip is seen at what age?

Accepted Answer

6 months

Answer

5 months

Answer

7 months

Answer

4 months

Question 8

The Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) is used for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Delirium

Answer

Schizophrenia

Answer

Dementia

Answer

Depression

Question 9

Identify the radiological procedure shown in the image?

Accepted Answer

Barium meal follow through

Answer

Barium enema

Answer

Enteroclysis

Answer

Proctography

Question 10

Most common type of gallstone is?

Accepted Answer

Pure cholesterol stones

Answer

Pigment stones

Answer

Calcium bilirubinate

Answer

Mixed stones

NEET-PG 2019

Biochemistry

Dermatology

Microbiology

Obstetrics and Gynecology

Pathology

Pediatrics

Psychiatry

Radiology

Surgery