Respiratory — Flashcards

Flashcard 211: Which type of immunity (innate or adaptive) includes physical barriers, such as skin and mucous membranes? _____

Answer: Innate immunity

Flashcard 212: What neurotransmitter mediates relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter in response to swallowing? _____

Answer: VIP

Flashcard 213: A decreased nasal _____ production is used as a screening test for Kartagener syndrome.

Answer: nitric oxide

Flashcard 214: How does the volume of breath change during inspiration? _____

Answer: Increased

Flashcard 215: In the muscle stretch reflex, some Ia afferent fibers inhibit _____ muscles (agonist or antagonist) through interneurons causing muscle relaxation

Answer: antagonist

Flashcard 216: Which interferons enhance activity of natural killer cells? _____

Answer: Interferon-α and Interferon-β

Extra: Type I Interferons (IFN-α and IFN-β) enhance the activity of Natural Killer (NK) cells. They also induce an antiviral state in neighboring cells and increase MHC I expression on all cells to facilitate recognition of infected cells by CD8+ T cells.

Flashcard 217: Asthma may present with a(n) _____ inspiratory/expiratory ratio

Answer: decreased

Flashcard 218: Which type of sensory receptor (slowly or quickly adapting) sends a signal at the beginning and end of a stimulus?_____

Answer: Quickly adapting

Flashcard 219: The nucleus tractus solitarius projects neurons to other medullary nuclei to coordinate the _____ response

Answer: vomiting

Flashcard 220: Patients develop heat stroke due to heat production exceeding _____

Answer: heat dissipation