Renal — Flashcards

Is kidney function in horseshoe kidney normal or abnormal? _____

Na+-glucose and Na+-amino acid cotransport create a lumen-_____ potential difference across cells of the early PCT

Is it possible for monozygotic twins to have two different biological sexes?_____

The [TF/P]urea ratio _____ over the course of the PCT

SNS activity and catecholamines primarily cause vasoconstriction of the renal _____ arterioles

In the steady state, intracellular osmolarity is _____ extracellular osmolarity (less than, greater than, or equal to)

What effect does the urea cycle have on interstitial fluid osmolarity? _____

The external urethral sphincter predominantly expresses _____ receptors.

A hyper-osmotic disturbance refers to an increase in _____ osmolarity

The thick ascending limb, distal tubule, and cortical/outer medullary collecting ducts are _____ to urea (permeable or impermeable)