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Aldosterone upregulates _____ channels on the apical membranes of the principal cells, increasing K+ excretion
What equation may be used to calculate the fractional excretion of sodium given the patient's GFR? FENa = _____
Which diuretics cause an increase in urine NaCl? _____
What visual deficit results from lesion of the optic tract or lateral geniculate body?_____
The _____ is responsible for approximately 5% of Mg2+ reabsorption
Through which secondary messenger(s) does the ADH-bound V1 receptor propagate its signal?_____
Which hormone remains elevated following parturition?_____
How is K+ extruded out of the cell of the thick ascending limb and into the blood? _____
Why do patients with diabetes mellitus present with polyuria and polydipsia? _____
What is the site of regulation for Ca2+ reabsorption? _____
Renal blood flow distribution
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Proximal tubule reabsorption
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Loop of Henle function
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Distal tubule and collecting duct function
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Concentration and dilution of urine
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Countercurrent multiplication system
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Sodium handling along the nephron
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Potassium balance and regulation
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Calcium and phosphate handling
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Magnesium handling
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Water balance and osmoregulation
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Diuretic mechanisms of action
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Integrated nephron function
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