Cardiovascular — Flashcards

Flashcard 711: Through what hormone does growth hormone exert its growth promoting effects?_____

Answer: Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)

Flashcard 712: Why does lactation not occur during pregnancy, even though prolactin levels are increasing? _____

Answer: Progesterone and estrogen downregulate prolactin receptors on the breast

Flashcard 713: On average, REM sleep occurs every _____ minutes, with increasing duration through the night

Answer: 90

Flashcard 714: Which female sex steroid is responsible for spiral artery development?_____

Answer: Progesterone

Flashcard 715: Glucose and galactose are extruded from the intestinal cell into the blood by _____

Answer: GLUT-2 (facilitated diffusion)

Flashcard 716: What antibodies in plasma do patients with the O blood type have? (Identify name and isotype)

Answer: Anti-A and Anti-B (mostly IgG)

Extra: Patients with blood type O have both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in their plasma. Unlike individuals with type A or B blood (who primarily have IgM antibodies), type O individuals have predominantly **IgG** antibodies. This is clinically significant because IgG can cross the placenta, potentially causing ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn.

Flashcard 717: The vestibular nuclei sends axons to ipsilateral antigravity muscles via the lateral _____ tract to maintain upright and balanced posture

Answer: vestibulospinal

Flashcard 718: What effect does glucagon have on insulin secretion? _____

Answer: Increased

Flashcard 719: What effect does inspiration have on venous return to the right atrium?_____

Answer: Increased venous return

Flashcard 720: Why are hypotonic saline solutions rarely used by themselves?_____

Answer: Can cause RBC lysis