Cardiovascular US Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Cardiovascular with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Cardiovascular Flashcard Deck - 10 Cards
Flashcard 291: On average, intracellular fluid is _____% of body weight
Answer: 40
Extra:
"60-40-20 rule" for TBW, ICF, ECF
Watch Osmolality & Sodium Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-renal/videos/medical-pathophysiology-renal-volume-electrolyte-and-acidbase-disorders-osmolality-and-sodium-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/fluid-and-filtration-physiology?index=2]
https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology?ref=anki
Flashcard 292: What type of leukocyte defends against helminthic infections?
_____
Answer: Eosinophils
Extra:
Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/blood-cells?index=12]
https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 293: What is the orientation of an image when it hits the primary visual cortex?
_____
Answer: Upside down with left-right reversed
Extra:
Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/vision?index=2]
https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/ophthalmology/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 294: Marcus Gunn pupil occurs due to _____ nerve damage or severe retinal injury
Answer: optic
Extra:
Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/demyelinating-disease?index=4]
https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/ophthalmology/acquire?ref=anki
Pupillary light reflex
The afferent pathway (blue tract) is initiated when light hits the retina:
- Retinal photoreceptors → ipsilateral optic nerve → nuclei of bilateral pretectal areas (nasal fibers of the optic nerve cross to the contralateral side at the optic chiasma)
The efferent pathway (green tract) transmits neural impulses to the iris sphincter muscles:
- Nuclei of pretectal area → bilateral Edinger Westphal nuclei (parasympathetic preganglionic nucleus of the oculomotor nerve) → bilateral oculomotor nerves (synapse at the ciliary ganglion) → bilateral iris sphincter muscles → bilateral pupillary constriction.
Shining a light into one eye causes constriction of the ipsilateral pupil (direct pupillary reflex) as well as that of the contralateral pupil (indirect or consensual pupillary reflex).
Flashcard 295: The most important of the somatomedins is _____, also known as _____
Answer: somatomedin C
Extra:
https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology?ref=anki
Flashcard 296: Activation of β adrenergic receptors causes _____ levels of intracellular cAMP
Answer: increased
Extra:
Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (Sympathomimetics)
Watch Sympathomimetics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-sympathetic-sympathomimetics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]
https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 297: In what cases may the levels of TSH be decreased during hypothyroidism?
_____
Answer: When the disorder is in the hypothalamus or anterior pituitary (i.e. insufficient TRH or TSH secretion)
Extra:
https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/thyroid/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 298: Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) has a trophic effect on the thyroid gland, thus, chronic elevation of TSH causes _____ of the thyroid gland
Answer: hypertrophy/hyperplasia
Extra:
Watch Hyperpituitarism [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine-hypothalamic-and-pituitary-disorders-hyperpituitarism?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]
https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/thyroid/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 299: Are neutrophils phagocytic?
_____
Answer: Yes
Extra:
Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/blood-cells?index=10]
https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 300: Slow twitch muscle fibers are _____ due to increased myoglobin concentration
Answer: red
Extra:
https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/skeletal-muscle/acquire?ref=anki
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