Cardiovascular — Flashcards

Flashcard 1111: What is the major factor determining autoregulation of blood flow to the brain?

Answer: Local metabolites (primarily CO2)

Flashcard 1112: Which nutrient (glucose, fat, protein) stimulates glucose-insulinotropic peptide secretion? _____

Answer: All three

Flashcard 1113: Chronically elevated levels of ACTH cause _____ of the adrenal cortex

Answer: hypertrophy/hyperplasia

Flashcard 1114: Which catecholamine binds to $\alpha_1, \alpha_2, \beta_1$, and $\beta_2$ receptors?

Answer: Epinephrine

Extra: Epinephrine is released by the adrenal medulla, which consists of modified post-ganglionic sympathetic neurons. Unlike norepinephrine, epinephrine has significant activity at $\beta_2$ receptors in addition to $\alpha_1, \alpha_2,$ and $\beta_1$ receptors.

Flashcard 1115: What type of signaling mechanism (endocrine or paracrine) does gastrin use to reach parietal cells?_____

Answer: Endocrine (enters systemic circulation)

Flashcard 1116: Lesion of the _____ hypothalamus results in poikilothermy (cold-blooded)

Answer: posterior

Flashcard 1117: How do thyroid hormones cause an increase in oxygen consumption? _____

Answer: Via increased synthesis and activity of the Na+-K+-ATPase pump

Flashcard 1118: The _____ nucleus of the hypothalamus primarily secretes oxytocin

Answer: paraventricular

Flashcard 1119: Increased body temperature causes _____ sympathetic nervous system activity to the skin

Answer: decreased

Flashcard 1120: In the third stage (rapid) of ovarian follicle development, a single graafian follicle achieves dominance and ruptures, releasing its oocyte into the peritoneal cavity via the process of _____

Answer: ovulation