Cardiovascular — Flashcards

Flashcard 1061: Where in the spleen do Splenic Macrophages capture blood-borne antigens for recognition by lymphocytes? _____

Answer: Marginal zone

Flashcard 1062: Human placental lactogen increases maternal _____

Answer: lipolysis and insulin resistance

Extra: Human placental lactogen (hPL), also known as human chorionic somatomammotropin (hCS), is produced by the syncytiotrophoblast. Its primary role is to ensure nutrient availability for the fetus by: 1. Increasing maternal lipolysis (to provide fatty acids as energy for the mother). 2. Inducing maternal insulin resistance (to decrease maternal glucose uptake, sparing glucose for the fetus).

Flashcard 1063: What is the effect of estrogen on levels of HDL? _____

Answer: Increased

Flashcard 1064: What is the major stimulus for oxytocin secretion?_____

Answer: Suckling of the breast

Flashcard 1065: Activation of which adrenergic receptor increases insulin secretion?

Answer: Beta-2 (β2) receptors

Extra: Sympathetic influence on insulin secretion: • α2 receptors: Decrease insulin secretion (dominant effect) • β2 receptors: Increase insulin secretion

Flashcard 1066: Testosterone may promote _____ of epiphyseal plates

Answer: premature closure

Flashcard 1067: What part of an antigen should be preserved to elicit an immune response when given as an inactivated/killed vaccine? _____

Answer: Epitope

Flashcard 1068: How does growth hormone affect protein synthesis and lean body mass?_____

Answer: Increased

Flashcard 1069: COX-_____ is expressed in vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells

Answer: 2

Flashcard 1070: How does cardiac output change during pregnancy?_____

Answer: Increase (~50%)