Autonomic/CV Drugs — Flashcards

Flashcard 2481: What drug class do alteplase, reteplase, tenecteplase belong to? _____

Answer: Thrombolytics (recombinant tPA)

Flashcard 2482: Which class of diabetic drugs is associated with increased risk of heart failure as a possible side effect?_____

Answer: Thiazolidinediones

Flashcard 2483: What adverse effect is characteristically associated with **streptokinase** (due to its bacterial origin)?

Answer: Hypersensitivity / allergic reactions (including anaphylaxis)

Extra: Streptokinase is a protein produced by beta-hemolytic streptococci. Because it is a foreign bacterial protein, it is antigenic and can induce antibody production. This leads to two main issues: 1. **Hypersensitivity reactions:** Range from simple rashes/fever to life-threatening anaphylaxis. 2. **Neutralization:** Pre-existing antibodies (from prior streptococcal infections or previous streptokinase use) can neutralize the drug, making it less effective. Recombinant human tPA (e.g., alteplase) does not carry this risk of antigenicity.

Flashcard 2484: What is the effect of glucocorticoids on production of phospholipase A2?_____

Answer: Decreased (inhibition)

Flashcard 2485: Patients with _____ have increased risk for metformin-induced lactic acidosis due to metformin accumulation

Answer: renal insufficiency

Flashcard 2486: Etanercept works by complexing with TNF-a and inducing _____ of the complex

Answer: phagocytosis

Flashcard 2487: On an FA/FI (alveolar to inspired concentration) curve, does an inhaled anesthetic with **high blood solubility** show a fast or slow rate of rise?

Answer: High (e.g., halothane)

Extra: High blood solubility means the blood acts as a large reservoir, "soaking up" the anesthetic and delaying the rise in alveolar partial pressure (FA). Therefore, higher solubility results in a slower rate of rise in the FA/FI ratio and slower induction.

Flashcard 2488: Glucocorticoids prevent production of _____ by inhibiting phospholipase A2

Answer: arachidonic acid

Flashcard 2489: What effect does ranolazine have on heart rate and contractility?_____

Answer: No effect

Flashcard 2490: Tacrolimus can cause a _____glycemia

Answer: hyper