Antibiotics — Flashcards

Flashcard 911: When taken during early pregnancy, Trimethoprim can cause the baby to develop _____

Answer: neural tube defects

Flashcard 912: Is Vancomycin susceptible to beta-lactamases?

Answer: No (it is not a beta-lactam)

Extra: Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic. Since it lacks a beta-lactam ring, it is not susceptible to hydrolysis by beta-lactamases. It inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to the D-Ala-D-Ala terminus of peptidoglycan precursors.

Flashcard 913: Anti-staph penicillins are ineffective against what bug and why?_____

Answer: MRSA due to altered PBP target site

Flashcard 914: Aminopenicillin used as part of Helicobacter pylori triple therapy_____

Answer: Amoxicillin

Flashcard 915: First Aid Pharmacology: GI_____ is a combination of sulfapyridine (anti-bacterial) and 5-aminosalicylic acid (anti-inflammatory)

Answer: Sulfasalazine

Flashcard 916: Sulfonylureas are _____ drugs and thus may cause adverse reactions in allergic patients

Answer: sulfa

Flashcard 917: Which step of bacterial protein synthesis do aminoglycosides primarily inhibit?

Answer: Formation of the initiation complex (by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit)

Extra: Aminoglycosides also cause misreading of mRNA and inhibit translocation. They are unique among protein synthesis inhibitors for being bactericidal.

Flashcard 918: What is the most common adverse effect of Clindamycin?_____

Answer: Diarrhea

Flashcard 919: What is first-line in the treatment of Clostridium difficile?_____

Answer: Oral Vancomycin

Flashcard 920: Which aminoglycoside treats tularemia caused by Francisella tularensis?

Answer: Streptomycin