Antibiotics — Flashcards

Flashcard 31: Tetracyclines inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the _____ subunit and preventing attachment of aminoacyl-tRNA to the A-site.

Answer: 30S

Flashcard 32: Quinupristin-dalfopristin is a combination of two synergistic _____ that have activity against VRE

Answer: streptogramins

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Flashcard 33: Rifamycins inhibit which bacterial enzyme?\n_____

Answer: DNA-dependent RNA polymerase

Extra: Rifamycins bind to the β-subunit of bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, inhibiting RNA synthesis. They do not affect eukaryotic RNA polymerase.

Flashcard 34: What gout drug can precipitate the side effects of penicillins? _____

Answer: Probenecid

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Flashcard 35: Which chemotherapeutic drug is used to treat pediatric (childhood) tumors? _____

Answer: Actinomycin D

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Flashcard 36: Sulfa drugs are contraindicated in _____, as they can precipitate hemolytic anemia

Answer: G6PD deficiency

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Flashcard 37: Rifabutin _____ cytochrome p450

Answer: induces

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Flashcard 38: Linezolid is a weak MAO inhibitor, thus predisposing patients to _____

Answer: serotonin syndrome

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Flashcard 39: Which Aminopenicillin is used as part of Helicobacter pylori triple therapy? _____

Answer: Amoxicillin

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Flashcard 40: What structural feature of Penicillins give them their activity? _____

Answer: B-lactam ring

Extra: The beta-lactam core of the molecule irreversibly binds (acetylates) a serine residue of the Transpeptidase active site. Acetylation of this site makes transpeptidases inactive, preventing cross-linking of the newly formed peptidoglycan layer.