Growth/Development — Flashcards

Flashcard 211: What is the pathophysiology of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)? _____

Answer: Prematurity → underdeveloped lungs → inadequate surfactant → alveoli fail to open ("derecruitment") → poor oxygenation

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Flashcard 212: < 6 month old with bilateral jerking of head/extremities without fever and interictal EEG showing hypsarrhythmia is suggestive of _____

Answer: West syndrome (infantile spasm)

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Flashcard 213: What are the two diagnostic findings for calcaneal apophysitis? _____

Answer: Tenderness at base of the heel (+) Calcaneal compression test

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Flashcard 214: Calcaneal apophysitis is also known as _____ disease

Answer: Sever

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Flashcard 215: Acute onset of cough in a child with SOB; X-ray shows hyperinflation and physical exam shows decreased breath sounds with unilateral wheezing: _____

Answer: Foreign body aspiration; diagnose with bronchoscopy

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Flashcard 216: Diagnosis in a prepubertal girl with thin, fused labia minora: _____

Answer: labial adhesions

Flashcard 217: For dental caries prevention, what is applied to the primary teeth of all infants and children starting at the age of primary tooth eruption: _____

Answer: Fluoride varnish

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Flashcard 218: In children, injury to the growth plate of the tibia or femur can result in _____

Answer: limb-length discrepancy

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Flashcard 219: Hemiplegic migraines are most common in _____ and present with headache, visual aura, and a self-resolving hemiplegia

Answer: adolescents

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Flashcard 220: _____ is characterized by increased protein excretion only in the upright position, most commonly occurring in adolescents.

Answer: Orthostatic proteinuria

Extra: Orthostatic proteinuria is a benign condition and the most common cause of proteinuria in children. Diagnosis is typically confirmed by comparing a first morning void (protein-free) with a daytime urine sample. It is often associated with a tall, thin body habitus.