Systemic Pathology — Flashcards

Flashcard 571: Multiple sclerosis = _____

Answer: MRI

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/weakness/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 572: Cellular crescents in Bowman capsule _____

Answer: Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis

Flashcard 573: How do complement levels change in an acute lupus flare? _____

Answer: Decrease

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/rheumatology/approach-to-joint-pain/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 574: _____ is the most common cause of spontaneous **lobar** hemorrhage in the elderly

Answer: Cerebral amyloid angiopathy

Extra: Hypertension is the most common cause of intraparenchymal hemorrhage overall (typically involving deep structures like the basal ganglia). Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is the most common cause of lobar hemorrhage, typically in patients > 60 years old.

Flashcard 575: Identify the causes or mechanisms of splenomegaly for the following categories: - Inflammatory infiltration - Myeloproliferative disorder - Passive splenic congestion - Presence of circulating immune complexes - Red pulp hyperplasia - Undegraded metabolite accumulation

Answer: - Inflammatory infiltration: Chronic infections (e.g., tuberculosis, malaria). - Myeloproliferative disorder: Examples include Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) and Primary Myelofibrosis. - Passive splenic congestion: Portal hypertension (e.g., cirrhosis), splenic vein thrombosis, or congestive heart failure. - Presence of circulating immune complexes: Classically seen in Infective Endocarditis. - Red pulp hyperplasia: Removal of defective/deformed RBCs (e.g., Hereditary Spherocytosis, Pyruvate Kinase deficiency). - Undegraded metabolite accumulation: Lysosomal storage diseases such as Niemann-Pick disease and Gaucher disease (accumulation of sphingomyelin and glucocerebroside, respectively).

Flashcard 576: What genetic pathologies are characteristically associated with these organs? - Aorta - Heart - Joints - Liver - Pancreas

Answer: Aorta: Marfan syndrome (fibrillin-1 defect) - Heart & Liver: Glycogen storage diseases (GSD) (Mnemonic: Very Poor Carbs Metabolism) • Von Gierke (I): Glucose-6-phosphatase (Hepatomegaly) • Pompe (II): α-1,4-glucosidase (Cardiomegaly) • Cori (III): α-1,6-glucosidase (Debranching enzyme) • McArdle (V): Muscle phosphorylase - Joints: Marfan syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome - Pancreas: Cystic fibrosis (CFTR mutation)

Flashcard 577: Which classes of immunoglobulin are normal or decreased in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome? _____

Answer: IgG and IgM

Flashcard 578: Which immunodeficiency may present after administration of the BCG vaccine?_____

Answer: IL-12 deficiency

Flashcard 579: What chromosomal abnormality is associated with Edwards syndrome?_____

Answer: Trisomy 18

Flashcard 580: Which immunodeficiency is caused by failure to repair DNA double strand breaks? _____

Answer: Ataxia-telangiectasia