Congenital CNS malformations — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: What chromosomal abnormality is associated with Patau syndrome?_____

Answer: Trisomy 13

Flashcard 2: Tabes Dorsalis is characterized by _____ joints due to loss of proprioception

Answer: charcot

Flashcard 3: Folate deficiency is characterized by _____ neutrophils

Answer: hypersegmented

Flashcard 4: What type of hydrocephalus may be seen with Huntington disease? _____

Answer: Hydrocephalus ex vacuo

Flashcard 5: Which error in morphogenesis is characterized by instrinsic disruption (during embryonic period)?_____

Answer: Malformation

Flashcard 6: What is the term for infarcted tissue in the basal ganglia or internal capsule caused by occlusion of a lenticulostriate artery?

Answer: lacunar infarct

Flashcard 7: epidural hematoma

Answer: rupture of middle meningeal artery; fracture of temporal bone

Extra: rapid arterial bleedinglucid interval followed by decreased LOC; CN 3 palsy, increased ICPCT: biconvex, hyperdense blood; does not cross sutures; may cross falx, tentorium 

Flashcard 8: central pontine myelinolysis

Answer: often iatrogenic; caused by rapid correction of hyponatremia

Extra: massive axonal demyelination of pontine white matter tractsacute paralysis, dysarthria, dysphagia, diplopia, loss of consciousness; +/- locked-in syndromeT2 MRI: increased signal in central pons 

Flashcard 9: subdural hematoma

Answer:

Extra: slow venous bleeding via rupture of bridging veinsdecreased LOC, increased ICPCT: crescent shaped, hyperdense blood; midline shift; may cross sutures; does not cross falx, tentorium brain atrophyelderly, alcoholics

Flashcard 10: subarachnoid hemorrhage

Answer:

Extra: rapid arterial bleeding after rupture of aneurysm"worst headache of my life", decreased LOC, increased ICPbloody or yellow CSFCT: blood conforms to shape of gyri, pools in cisterns nimodipine for late-onset vasospasmvasospasm 2-3 days later, potential for rebleed