Neoplasia US Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Neoplasia with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Neoplasia Flashcard Deck - 10 Cards
Flashcard 511: The microsatellite instability pathway of colorectal cancer is characterized by mutations or methylation of _____ genes
Answer: mismatch repair
Extra:
* (Lynch Syndrome)
Watch Colorectal Polyps & Cancer [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-gi/videos/medical-pathophysiology-gi-colorectal-and-anal-disorders-colorectal-polyps-and-cancer?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/colorectal-pathology?index=10]
https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/colon-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Colorectal carcinogenesis pathways
Top: Chromosomal instability pathway (adenoma-carcinoma sequence)
- Loss of the tumor suppressor gene, APC, results in hyperproliferative epithelium due to a loss of cellular adhesion and increased cellular proliferation. A mutation in KRAS results in unregulated cellular signaling and cellular proliferation, leading to the formation of an adenoma. Loss of the tumor suppressor genes TP53 and DCC results in the malignant transformation of an adenoma to carcinoma. The chromosomal instability pathway is responsible for carcinomas in FAP (loss of APC) as well as in most cases of sporadic colorectal carcinoma.
Bottom: Microsatellite instability pathway
- Acquired or inherited mutations in the mismatch repair genes (esp. MLH1 and MSH2) result in abnormal proliferation and the formation of adenoma and carcinoma. The microsatellite instability pathway is responsible for carcinomas in Lynch syndrome (HNPCC) and a few cases of sporadic colorectal carcinoma.
Atlas:
Flashcard 512: The following image represents the _____ carcinoma subtype of invasive ductal carcinoma (breast):
hint: the circled area is lymphatics
Answer: inflammatory
Extra:
Watch Breast Cancer [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-breast-breast-cancer?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]
https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/breast-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 513: _____ neoplastic tumors remain localized and do not metastasize
Answer: Benign
Extra:
https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 514: Presence or absence of which three receptors or genes are most important in predicting response to treatment of breast cancer?
_____
Answer: estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and Her2/neu amplification
Extra:
Watch Breast Cancer [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-breast-breast-cancer?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]
https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/breast-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 515: What is the cancer risk associated with HPV18?
_____
Answer: High
Extra:
https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/cervical-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 516: Which subtype of melanoma presents with darkly pigmented nodules?
_____
Answer: Nodular melanoma
Extra:
Watch Malignant Melanoma [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-musculoskeletal-derm/videos/medical-pathophysiology-musculoskeletal-and-derm-derm-malignant-melanoma?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/dermatology/videos/malignant-skin-disorders?index=4]
https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-subspecialty/skin-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 517: _____ is a proliferation of clonal mature B lymphocytes with some that differentiate into monoclonal plasma cells
Answer: LymphoPlasmacytic Lymphoma (LPL)
Extra:
Watch Plasma Cell Neoplasms [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-myeloid-lymphoid/videos/medical-pathophysiology-myeloid-and-lymphoid-lymphoid-and-plasma-cell-disorders-plasma-cell-neoplasms?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]
https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/plasma-cell-dyscrasias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 518: A mantle cell lymphoma is a lymphoma of _____-cells
Answer: B
Extra:
https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 519: Renal _____ is a benign epithelial cell tumor arising from the collecting ducts
Answer: oncocytoma
Extra:
https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Atlas:
Flashcard 520: Thymoma is a benign neoplasm of thymus associated with _____, SVC syndrome, pure red cell aplasia and Good syndrome
Answer: myasthenia gravis
Extra:
Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/neuromuscular-junction-nmj?index=6]
https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Thymoma in myasthenia gravis
Chest CT (axial section; IV contrast)
A large, hypointense anterior mediastinal mass (B), which is likely a thymoma, is visible adjacent to the pulmonary artery (C).
A: ascending aorta; D: left main bronchus; E: descending aorta
Space-occupying lesion in the anterior mediastinum, suspected thymoma
Chest CT scan in soft tissue window at the aortopulmonary window level after IV contrast medium administration: A heterogeneous tumor, demonstrating ring-shaped contrast enhancement (red border), can be seen in the anterior mediastinum directly ventral of the ascending aorta (AA). The central region of the tumor shows marked hypodensity (green striped area), which most likely indicates central necrosis with a differential diagnosis of cystic regions. The lesion is primarily sharply demarcated and there is no infiltration into neighboring organs. The tumor is, however, not well-defined on the left side (arrow tipes). These findings most likely indicate a thymoma. The undiluted remnants of contrast medium can be seen in the superior vena cava (SVC). (DA = descending aorta, RPA = right pulmonary artery, PT = pulmonary trunk)
Atlas:
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