Neoplasia — Flashcards
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Paragangliomas are associated with MEN _____
_____ is the most common type of primary lung carcinoma (40%)
Is medulloblastoma typically seen in adults or children? _____
Embryonal carcinoma is a non-seminoma germ cell tumor and therefore has a relatively _____ prognosis
On histology, what is seen in well-differentiated (organized) hepatocellular carcinoma? _____
_____ is a malignancy of the lung pleura that is highly associated with asbestosis
The t(15;17) translocation seen in acute promyelocytic leukemia results in disruption of the _____ receptor on chromosome 17
Metastasis of medulloblastomas to the _____ is termed "drop metastasis"
The immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) sits on chromosome _____
What is the major risk factor for basal cell carcinoma? _____
Neoplasia US Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Neoplasia with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Neoplasia Flashcard Deck - 10 Cards
Flashcard 251: Paragangliomas are associated with MEN _____
Answer: 2A/2B
Extra: Watch Pheochromocytoma & Neuroblastoma [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine-adrenal-disorders-pheochromocytoma-and-neuroblastoma?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine-adrenal-disorders-pheochromocytoma-and-neuroblastoma?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrine?ref=anki
Flashcard 252: _____ is the most common type of primary lung carcinoma (40%)
Answer: Adenocarcinoma
Extra: Watch Lung Carcinoma [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-lung-cancer-lung-carcinoma?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/lung-cancer?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/lung-cancer/acquire?ref=anki typically presents as a solitary nodule with or without symptoms (e.g. weight loss, hemoptysis)
Flashcard 253: Is medulloblastoma typically seen in adults or children? _____
Answer: Children
Extra: Watch Pediatric CNS Tumors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-neuro/videos/medical-pathophysiology-neuro-intracranial-hypertension-and-tumors-pediatric-cns-tumors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/pediatric-brain-tumors?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki Medulloblastoma T2-weighted cranial MRI (axial view) of a 7-year-old boy: isodense round lesion with hyperintense sections in the fourth ventricle (green overlay); grossly diminished gyration of the cerebellum (C). (P = poorly demarcated pons region; B = basilar artery, CS = external CSF space) Medulloblastoma T1-weighed cranial MRI of a 6-year-old child presenting with features of increased intracranial pressure (midsagittal section with contrast) There is a large hypointense mass occupying the third (upper yellow overlay) and fourth (lower yellow overlay) ventricles that is causing obstructive hydrocephalus (pink overlay). The pink overlay also highlights the leakage of CSF into the periventricular space (transependymal edema) and into the occipital lobe due to the increased intraventricular pressure. This appearance of a fourth ventricular mass in a child is characteristic of medulloblastoma. Medulloblastoma Cranial MRI (T1-weighted, with contrast) There is a mass in the posterior cranial fossa. It features solid parts (green overlay) and cystic parts (red overlay). Location and appearance are typical of a medulloblastoma. (D: diencephalon; P: pons; C: cerebellum; yellow outline: cerebellar tentorium) Medulloblastoma Photomicrograph of cerebellar vermis tissue (H&E stain) Densely packed, small, blue anaplastic cells are present throughout the specimen. The cells have pleomorphic and hyperchromatic nuclei. On the right, a vessel (its lumen mostly obstructed by eosinophilic material) can be seen. These are typical histopathological findings of medulloblastoma. Medulloblastoma Photomicrograph of cerebellar vermis tissue (H&E stain) Numerous small, blue, round cells with scant cytoplasm can be seen throughout the specimen (classic examples: arrows, green overlay). Their nuclei vary in size and structure (nuclear pleomorphism) and many cells feature distinctly hyperchromatic nuclei. The majority of the cells are arranged in concentric clusters around lighter central areas consisting of neuropil (examples: dashed outlines and yellow overlay, magnified area). These clusters are referred to as Homer Wright rosettes. These histopathological features, particularly the Homer Wright rosettes, are characteristic of a medulloblastoma. Atlas:
Flashcard 254: Embryonal carcinoma is a non-seminoma germ cell tumor and therefore has a relatively _____ prognosis
Answer: worse
Extra: ** far more common in testes than ovaries Watch Testicular Disorders & Cancer [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-male-gu-testicular-disorders-and-cancer?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 255: On histology, what is seen in well-differentiated (organized) hepatocellular carcinoma? _____
Answer: Bile-containing pseudocanaliculi
Extra: * Unlabeled histology picture- Malignant hepatocytes growing in distorted versions of normal architecture, including dilated bile canaliculi and thickened hepatocyte trabeculae https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 256: _____ is a malignancy of the lung pleura that is highly associated with asbestosis
Answer: Mesothelioma
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/lung-cancer?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/lung-cancer/acquire?ref=anki Left-sided pleural effusion in pleural mesothelioma (1/2) Chest x-ray (PA view) Extensive opacification is visible in the middle and lower lung fields of the left hemithorax with a meniscus-shaped margin. This is a typical finding of pleural effusion.
Flashcard 257: The t(15;17) translocation seen in acute promyelocytic leukemia results in disruption of the _____ receptor on chromosome 17
Answer: retinoic acid
Extra: Watch Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) & Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-myeloid-lymphoid/videos/medical-pathophysiology-myeloid-and-lymphoid-myeloid-disorders-acute-myeloid-leukemia-aml-and-chronic-myeloid-leukemia-cml?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/leukemias-and-lymphomas?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/hematology-oncology/leukemia/acquire?ref=anki Other:
Flashcard 258: Metastasis of medulloblastomas to the _____ is termed "drop metastasis"
Answer: spinal cord
Extra: * Medulloblastoma in 4th ventricle may send "drop metastasis" (cells "fall down" central canal in CSF) to spinal cord Watch Pediatric CNS Tumors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-neuro/videos/medical-pathophysiology-neuro-intracranial-hypertension-and-tumors-pediatric-cns-tumors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/pediatric-brain-tumors?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki Medulloblastoma T2-weighted cranial MRI (axial view) of a 7-year-old boy: isodense round lesion with hyperintense sections in the fourth ventricle (green overlay); grossly diminished gyration of the cerebellum (C). (P = poorly demarcated pons region; B = basilar artery, CS = external CSF space) Medulloblastoma T1-weighed cranial MRI of a 6-year-old child presenting with features of increased intracranial pressure (midsagittal section with contrast) There is a large hypointense mass occupying the third (upper yellow overlay) and fourth (lower yellow overlay) ventricles that is causing obstructive hydrocephalus (pink overlay). The pink overlay also highlights the leakage of CSF into the periventricular space (transependymal edema) and into the occipital lobe due to the increased intraventricular pressure. This appearance of a fourth ventricular mass in a child is characteristic of medulloblastoma. Medulloblastoma Cranial MRI (T1-weighted, with contrast) There is a mass in the posterior cranial fossa. It features solid parts (green overlay) and cystic parts (red overlay). Location and appearance are typical of a medulloblastoma. (D: diencephalon; P: pons; C: cerebellum; yellow outline: cerebellar tentorium) Medulloblastoma Photomicrograph of cerebellar vermis tissue (H&E stain) Densely packed, small, blue anaplastic cells are present throughout the specimen. The cells have pleomorphic and hyperchromatic nuclei. On the right, a vessel (its lumen mostly obstructed by eosinophilic material) can be seen. These are typical histopathological findings of medulloblastoma. Medulloblastoma Photomicrograph of cerebellar vermis tissue (H&E stain) Numerous small, blue, round cells with scant cytoplasm can be seen throughout the specimen (classic examples: arrows, green overlay). Their nuclei vary in size and structure (nuclear pleomorphism) and many cells feature distinctly hyperchromatic nuclei. The majority of the cells are arranged in concentric clusters around lighter central areas consisting of neuropil (examples: dashed outlines and yellow overlay, magnified area). These clusters are referred to as Homer Wright rosettes. These histopathological features, particularly the Homer Wright rosettes, are characteristic of a medulloblastoma. Atlas:
Flashcard 259: The immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) sits on chromosome _____
Answer: 14
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 260: What is the major risk factor for basal cell carcinoma? _____
Answer: UV-B light
Extra: Watch Actinic Keratosis, Squamous Cell Carcinoma & Basal Cell Carcinoma [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-musculoskeletal-derm/videos/medical-pathophysiology-musculoskeletal-and-derm-derm-actinic-keratosis-squamous-cell-carcinoma-and-basal-cell-carcinoma?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/dermatology/videos/malignant-skin-disorders?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-subspecialty/skin-cancer/acquire?ref=anki Atlas:
Keywords: Neoplasia flashcards, medical flashcards, NEET PG preparation, USMLE Step 1 flashcards, Anki alternative, spaced repetition medical, OnCourse flashcards
Study by Chapter
Characteristics of benign vs malignant tumors
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Nomenclature of neoplasms
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Carcinogenesis models
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Oncogenes and proto-oncogenes
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Tumor suppressor genes
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DNA repair genes and cancer
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Epigenetic mechanisms in cancer
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Apoptosis and cancer
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Tumor angiogenesis
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Tumor invasion and metastasis
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Carcinogenic agents
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Paraneoplastic syndromes
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Tumor immunology
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