Neoplasia — Flashcards

Flashcard 1401: While the 'seed and soil' hypothesis explains specific organ tropism, the site of metastasis is often simply determined by the first encountered _____

Answer: capillary bed

Flashcard 1402: Follicular lymphoma is distinguished from reactive follicular hyperplasia by _____ of normal lymph node architecture

Answer: disruption

Flashcard 1403: Gross examination of _____ shows multiple, well-defined, white, whorled masses that may distort the uterus and impinge on pelvic structures

Answer: leiomyoma (fibroid)

Flashcard 1404: Is there a benign neoplastic proliferation of lymphocytes?

Answer: No (lymphoid neoplasms are always malignant)

Flashcard 1405: One hallmark of cancer is the ability to be insensitive to anti-growth signals, such as _____

Answer: TGF-Beta

Flashcard 1406: Grade _____ follicular lymphoma is characterized by small cleaved cells

Answer: 1

Flashcard 1407: In lymphoma (a monoclonal B-cell proliferation), the normal 3:2 kappa:lambda light chain ratio will _____

Answer: change (become skewed)

Extra: Normal B-cell populations are polyclonal, maintaining a kappa:lambda ratio of approximately 3:1 (or 3:2). Neoplastic proliferations (lymphoma) are monoclonal, meaning all cells express the same light chain, which results in a skewed ratio (e.g., >6:1 or <1:3).

Flashcard 1408: What astrocyte-derived CNS tumor is associated with tuberous sclerosis?_____

Answer: Subependymal giant cell astrocytomas

Flashcard 1409: What mutation is common in endometrial carcinoma from the sporadic pathway?_____

Answer: p53 mutations

Flashcard 1410: Loss of p53 is seen in >_____% of cancers

Answer: 50